This is an example lexicon
Ceci est un exemple de lexique
‘essential functions’ of infrastructure management
decision-making concerning train path allocation, including both the definition and the assessment of availability and the allocation of individual train paths, and decision-making concerning infrastructure charging, including determination and collection of charges, in accordance with the charging framework and the capacity allocation framework established by the Member States pursuant to Articles 29 and 39
* The CI is a permanent established body or association to be financed through a...
* The CI is a permanent established body or association to be financed through and comprised by members from the freight rail sector (i.e. UIP among others, in the case of GCU) * The CI is the central authority on managing and maintaining information in order to ensure interoperability among FDFT freight assets. The CI is the only instance with authority in this matter. It should therefore be backed through legislative measures. * The CI manages and selects the members of the TCG. * The CI is responsible to establish and manage/maintain the central IT system in charge of brokering the shared data, according to the architecture proposed by Task 4 and decided by the system pillar steering group. * The actual IT platform of the CI should be located within the EU. * The CI is responsible for the configuration management of the software versions. * Central Instance is an institutionalized and recognized organization responsible for the supervision and traceability of software versions installed on FDFT, as well as the organization of certain software update actions on FDFT.
* The TCG is an institutionalized and recognized body in the sector, with the ro...
* The TCG is an institutionalized and recognized body in the sector, with the role of tutoring, analysing and deciding on all technical topics that may have an impact on the way FDFT operates, as well as on its possible evolution. * The TCG is a permanently set up body, however the group members are exchanged depending on the topic at hand. * Co-working remotely the TCG members are provided by RU’s, IM’s, wagon and loco keepers and supply industry.
acceptable means of compliance
non-binding opinions issued by the Agency to define ways of establishing compliance with the essential requirements
acceptable national means of compliance
non-binding opinions issued by Member States to define ways of establishing compliance with national rules
Access party
Means either - a licensed railway undertaking or, to the extent authorised by each Member State, another party seeking to procure a train path in the working timetable for the operation of railway service on its territory with commercial or public-service intent. Examples of such authorised parties may be public authorities, or any other party having an access contract or - an international group of such parties, which is also known as an applicant group or access party group
APN
Access Point Name
Accessibility data
Accessibility data consists of the information related to the accessibility of passenger railway stations that needs to be collected, maintained and exchanged, that is to say, of a description of the characteristics and equipment of the passenger railway stations. Where relevant that description is complemented by the information regarding the stations' state of conformity to this TSI.
accident involving the transport of dangerous goods
any accident or incident that is subject to reporting in accordance with RID / ADR section 1.8.5
accident to persons involving rolling stock in motion
accidents to one or more persons who are either hit by a railway vehicle or by an object attached to, or that has become detached from, the vehicle, this includes persons who fall from railway vehicles as well as persons who fall or are hit by loose objects when travelling on board vehicles
Accident
As defined in Article 3 of Directive (EU) 2016/798.
an unwanted or unintended sudden event or a specific chain of such events which have harmful consequences; accidents are divided into the following categories: collisions; derailments; level crossing accidents; accidents to persons involving rolling stock in motion; fires and others
‘accident’ means an unwanted or unintended sudden event or a specific chain of such events which have harmful consequences; accidents are divided into the following categories: collisions; derailments; level crossing accidents; accidents to persons involving rolling stock in motion; fires and others; [SOURCE: SPPRAMSS-337 - [Directive (EU) 2016/798] Article 3 Definitions (11) ]
accreditation
accreditation as defined in point (10) of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, DRIVER
Confirmation by the driver that he/she has taken into account information received through the DMI
ACK
Confirmation by an entity that it has received information
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
active level crossing
a level crossing where the crossing users are protected from or warned of the approaching train by devices activated when it is unsafe for the user to traverse the crossing. — Protection by the use of physical devices includes: — half or full barriers, — gates. — Warning by the use of fixed equipment at level crossings: — visible devices: lights, — audible devices: bells, horns, klaxons, etc. Active level crossings are classified as: (a) Manual: a level crossing where user-side protection or warning is manually activated by a railway employee. (b) Automatic with user-side warning: a level crossing where user-side warning is activated by the approaching train. (c) Automatic with user-side protection: a level crossing where user-side protection is activated by the approaching train. This shall include a level crossing with both user-side protection and warning. (d) Rail-side protected: a level crossing where a signal or other train protection system permits a train to proceed once the level crossing is fully user-side protected and is free from incursion.
actor variant
An actor variant is an deviation to an existing actor regarding function deployment. It arises in two cases: * An additional (unusual) function is deployed to the actor variant. * A common actor function is removed and deployed to another actor or to a system. Identification of actor variants is a precondition for harmonisation of operational processes.
Actual point (RP)
Physical end of a crossing vee. See Figure 2, which shows the relationship between the actual point (RP) and the intersection point (IP).
Alternative current
Adaptability
Adaptability refers to the ability to adjust a system in response to changes in its environment or changes of requirements. It involves a broader concept of flexibility and resilience, encompassing not only modifications to the system itself but also its capacity to accommodate evolving needs or external factors. An adaptable system can respond effectively to new technologies, market demands, user expectations, or regulatory changes.
ALE
Adaptation & redundancy management Layer Entity
ADCARP something
Add, Change, Delete, Approve, Release, Decide and Publish
ADM - Automatic Driving Module
ASTP
Advanced Safe Train Positioning (ASTP) is a CCS onboard interoperability constituent, separated from the ERTMS-ETCS onboard sub-system by standarized interfaces. The main functionality is to determine and provide a relative position (enhanced odometry) and train localisation information to other onboard systems. ASTP shall contain safety functions of SIL4 integrity level. Remark: The term "advanced" represents the enhanced odometry, while the term "Safe" suggests the SIL 4 integrity level. (image: 2-ASTP.png)
Advanced Safe Train Positioning (ASTP)
(AFARP) - As far as reasonably practicable
"As far as reasonably practicable" means that the action shall be undertaken until either the requirement is met, or the actors involved in the definition, review and approval of the work item conclude that further effort to resolve open issues is unlikely to bring an equivalent measurable benefit to the overall solution.
Agency
the European Railway Agency established by Regulation (EC) No 881/2004 ( 2 ) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004
AIRGAP LANGUAGE
The ERTMS/ETCS application data, together with its harmonised rules, which is transmitted over the balise, loop and radio transmission media.
AIRGAP
The set of interfaces between track and train. It is composed of the Eurobalise, the Euroloop and the Euroradio interfaces.
Alert limit
Refers to the value which, if exceeded, requires that the track geometry condition is analysed and considered in the regularly planned maintenance operations.
Allocation Area
The area in the trackside which shall be free of operational conflict(s) for the execution of an operational need (movement or other). In other words, it is the area in the trackside that shall be reserved to an operational movement. The safety system shall not allow an SPT2OD-6043 - Missing cross-reference to be allocated to conflicting movement(s) or conflicting operational need(s). Note as a representation, SPT2OD-6043 - Missing cross-reference is equivalent to the combined Danger Zone(s) of the underlying assets over the area in which it is intended to next perform a train movement, possibly including flank protection and overlap areas (to be discussed at a later stage).
Body responsible for path allocation, which is independent in its legal form, organisation and decision-making from any railway undertaking (Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (1)).
Allocation Body
allocation
the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity by an infrastructure manager
Alternating current
alternative route
another route between the same origin and destination where there is substitutability between the two routes for the operation of the freight or passenger service concerned by the railway undertaking
Analysis
Qualitative assessment of requirements, issues, etc.
Answer.
Answers a Question. Questions and answers are used for Q&A or FAQ documents. If you have an open question in your project, use "Issue"
ASFA
Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático (ASFA; "Announcement of Signals and Automatic Braking"); Is an Automatic Protetion System which is widely used on the Spanish rail network. It consists of a mechanism that stops a train if the driver does not properly heed signals.
Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático
APM - Automatic Processing Module
Appliation (along EN 50126)
Describes the sum of: The system, its needed environment and its form of usage (other systems, processes), and the system life-cycle.
Applicant
means a railway undertaking or an international grouping of railway undertakings or other persons or legal entities, such as competent authorities under Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2) and shippers, freight forwarders and combined transport operators, with a public-service or commercial interest in procuring infrastructure capacity (Directive 2012/34/EU). The applicant can take the roles and the assigned tasks and responsibilities of Lead RU (Lead railway undertaking) and/or Responsible Applicant and/or Responsible RU depending on specific network statement.
a natural or legal person requesting an authorisation, be it a railway undertaking, an infrastructure manager or any other person or legal entity, such as a manufacturer, an owner or a keeper; for the purpose of Article 15, the ‘applicant’ means a contracting entity or a manufacturer, or its authorised representatives; for the purpose of Article 19, the ‘applicant’ means a natural or legal person requesting the Agency's decision for the approval of the technical solutions envisaged for the ERTMS track-side equipment projects
a railway undertaking or an international grouping of railway undertakings or other persons or legal entities, such as competent authorities under Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 and shippers, freight forwarders and combined transport operators, with a public-service or commercial interest in procuring infrastructure capacity
Application Condition.
Requirement about the environment and use of the target system, e.g. skills of maintenance people that ned to be trained or requirements about the physical environment. ("exported constraint, relevant for users").
An Application Condition is a requirement for the environment of a system in its application. Concretely these can be for example requirements concerning the skills of the users, temperatures in a data center, or maintenance processes that need to be established.
Application Configuration.
Set of combined Features (which are child workitems).
AEE
The Application Execution Environment refers to the combination of Runtime Environment and Safety Framework. Previous definition: The Application Execution Environment refers to the combination of Runtime Environment and Safety Environment.
The Application Execution Environment refers to the combination of Runtime Environment and Safety Environment.
Application Execution Environment
Application Guideline
Defining procedural requirements for Railway Operators
The Application Layer refers to the functions provided by the Functional Systems. These functions are implemented as Tasks within Functional Applications. Previous definition: The Application Layer contains Functional Applications that constitute Functional Systems.
The Application Layer contains Functional Applications that constitute Functional Systems.
Application Layer
APPLICATION LEVEL
The different ERTMS/ETCS application levels are a way to express the possible operating relationships between track and train. Level definitions are related to the trackside equipment used, to the way the trackside information reaches the on-board units and to which functions are processed in the trackside and in the on-board equipment respectively.
ALM
Application Lifecycle Management
Application
An application in SP context is the resulting situation of a system beeing used in a specific environment by specific actors. In short - Application = System + Processes + Actors + Environment.
Architectural Concept
The architectural process comprises four steps, each dealing with a separate concern. The general concept implements the architecture recommendations from the System Pillar report [SPREP, page 11] for a function-based architecture and a layered architecture approach. Both concepts can be realised with the architectural principles described herein.These steps are described in detail in the following chapters. * Operational analysis (OA): identify the operational process needs that are to be supported by the technical systems.{comment:4} This analysis should focus as purely as possible on the processes and ideally does not take any specific technical system architecture into account. The operational analysis is usually performed on an abstraction layer above the topmost system in the systems of systems hierarchy and performed only once. See Chapter 5.6 * System analysis (SA): identify the needs of the system of interest. This step does not design a specific technical solution but captures the needs for the future system. It hence represents a statement of work and not a finished piece of engineering. It is used to rationalize the decision, which operational processes will be performed by the system of interest, and which will be not (these processes then mostly will be either performed by other systems or by human actors and defined as operating rules). System analysis is performed recursively: * Once for the topmost system of systems, deriving the initial need from the operational analysis * Multiple times for each system of system decomposition step, deriving the system needs of the lower level of decomposition from the higher level of decomposition * Logical architecture (LA): design a solution to the system needs based on solution concepts and architectural concepts. Split the system functions based on solution concepts (e.g. absolute positioning vs reference point based localisation, moving blocks, fixed blocks or hybrid) so that it becomes clear, how and by which steps the inputs to a system function are converted to the outputs. This step does not yet define an architecture and does not refer to technical solution concepts like ETCS or ATO. As the system under consideration is still a blackbox, the logical architecture still leaves the question open, what subsystem structure is the to be used (e.g. very modular subsystems vs. bigger subsystems or combined HW/SW subsystems vs. SW-modules on a common platform). This step is performed once, before the subsystem architecture shall be derived. * Subsystem architecture (SSA): design the final set of tenderable subsystems and integrate all necessary non-functional requirements. This step integrates all considerations on the intended structure of subsystems and interfaces (down to FFFIS) as well as all open technical aspects into a consistent architectural definition.{comment:3}
ARCT
Architecture and Release Coordination Team
AWC
Architecture Working Circle
Area Controller The Area Controller manages areas for the View.
area of operation
a network or networks within one or more Member States where a railway undertaking intends to operate
area of use of a vehicle
a network or networks within a Member State or a group of Member States in which a vehicle is intended to be used
Area of Use
Arrival date/time, actual
Means the actual date (And time) of arrival of means of transport
Arrival date/time, estimated
Means the date (And time) of arrival of means of transport based on the current forecast
Arrival date/time, planned
Means the date (And time) of arrival of means of transport in the timetable
Arrival delay, actual
Means the time difference between the arrival date/time actual and the arrival date/time Planned
Arrival delay, expected
Means the time difference between the arrival date/time Estimated and the arrival date/time Planned
AFARP
Denote that an action shall be done until the cost to do so does not justify the benefit of doing it.
As far as reasonably practicable
Assessment.
Quantitative assessment of requirements, issues, etc.
At the discretion of
Means that the railway undertaking can decide based on its experience and its needs
ATO - Automatic Train Operation
ATO Automatic Train Operation CCS Control Command and Signaling CI/CD Continuous...
ATO | Automatic Train Operation | CCS | Control Command and Signaling CI/CD | Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment CMS | Capacity Management system CPU | Central Processing Unit CTC | Centralized traffic control CVSS | Common Vulnerability Scoring System | DBMS | Database Management System DDOS | Distributed Denial of Service DEV | Development DLP | Data loss prevention DNS | Domain Name System DR | Disaster Recovery-Plan | EDA | Event-driven architecture ELK | Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana | FAM | Fixed asset mgmt | HMI | Human Machine Interface HTTP | Hypertext Transfer Protocol | IRM | Information Rights Management | OS | Operating system OR | Operational Requirements | NTMS | Neighborhood TMS | MD5 | Message Digest Method 5 MITM | Man-in-the-middle attack MS | Microservices MVCC | Multi-version concurrency control | PE | Plan Execution PIS | Passenger Information System POS | Path Order System PROD | Production | QA | Quality and Assurance | RAID | Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAM | Random Access Memory RBAS | Role Based Access Control REST | Representational State Transfer RIM | Rail Infrastructure Manager ROC | Rail Operating Company RT | Real Time RU | Rail Undertakings | SAD | System Architecture Description SCI-OP | Standard Communications Interface – Operational Plan SOAP | Simple Object Access Protocol SoC | Separation of Concerns SSL | Secure Sockets Layer | TAF | Telematics Applications for Freight TAP | Telematics Applications for Passenger Services TCR | Temporary Capacity Restrictions TLS | Transport Layer Security TMS | Traffic Management System TSI | Technical Specification for Interoperability | UML | Unified Modeling Language | WAF | Web Application Firewall WSDL | Web Services Description Language | XFN | Cross functional
ACID
The four primary attributes common to any transaction: - Atomicity. In a transaction involving two or more discrete pieces of information, either all of the pieces are committed or none are - Consistency. A transaction either creates a new and valid state of data or, if any failure occurs, returns all data to the state before the transaction was started - Isolation. A transaction in process and not yet committed must remain isolated from any other transaction - Durability. Committed data are saved by the system so that, even in the event of a failure and system restart, the data are available in their correct state The ACID concept is described in ISO/IEC 10026-1:1992 Section 4. Each of these attributes can be measured against a benchmark. In general, however, a transaction manager or monitor is designated to implement the ACID concept. In a distributed system, one way to achieve ACID is to use a two-phase commit (2PC), which ensures either that all involved sites must commit to completing the transaction or that none do, and the transaction is rolled back
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
attempted suicide
an act to deliberately injure oneself resulting in serious injury
Attributing system
Means an electronic system hosting the catalogue of transport services for which a transport service provider authorises distributors to issue travel documents
Attributor
Means a company managing an attributing system. May be a carrier
KAB
Authentication Key (same as KMAC)
KMAC
Cryptographic key (KMAC) used to establish a safe connection according to the EURORADIO protocol.
AUTHENTICATION KEY
Authentication Response
AUTHENTICATION
The process of determining whether someone or something is who or what it is declared to be.
The process to verify the identity of communicating peers. (source: SPPRAMSS-1705 - [UNISIG Subset-146] )
Authorised Public Body
Means a public authority having a statutory obligation or right to provide members of the public with travel information and also refers to the public authority which is responsible for the enforcement of Regulation (EC) No 1371/2007 pursuant to Article 30(1) of the Regulation
authorised representative
any natural or legal person established within the Union who has received a written mandate from a manufacturer or a contracting entity to act on behalf of that manufacturer or contracting entity in relation to specified tasks
Authorising train movements
The operation of equipment in signalling centres, electric traction current supply control rooms and traffic control centres that permits train movement. This does not include those staff employed by a railway undertaking who are responsible for management of resources such as train crew or rolling stock.
Automatic Conflict Solution
Solves conflicts based on algorithms. May use optimisation functions.
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode where the ERTMS/ATO on-board substitutes the driver for acting on the traction/brakes of the train according to the ERTMS/ATO journey profile, with the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment still giving full protection against overspeed and overrun.
AUTOMATIC DRIVING MODE
ASO
Automatic Shunting Operation
ATC
Automatic Train Control
ATO
Automatic Train Operation
Automatic Train Operation is technology for automating the operation of trains. The degree of the automatisation is shown by the Grade of Automatation (GoA). GoA0: train operating on-sight, no automation GoA1: train operating manual, train driver controls starting, stopping, passenger service functions as opening and closing doors and handling emergency. Train protection systems like ETCS L1 in place. GoA2: train operating semi-automatic. Starting and stopping automated using advanced train protection systems like ETCS L2 or 3, driver operates passenger service functions and handles emergencies GoA3: driverless train operation. Starting and stopping automated, service staff operates passenger service functions and handles emergencies GoA4: unattended train operation. All operations are fully automated without any on-train staff
ATP
A safety system that enforces either compliance with or observation of speed restrictions and signal aspects by trains.
Automatic Train Protection
AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION
availability, <of a product>
Ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided [SOURCE: IEC 60050-821: FDIS2016, 821-05-82, modified] Source: SPPRAMSS-349 - [EN 50126-1:2017]
Availability
Availability: property of being accessible and usable on demand by an authorized entity (source: ISO 27000-2018 )
The ability of a product to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant in time or over a given time interval assuming that the required external resources are provided. (3) Definitions for other availability related terms are given in reference 3
Means the information (transport service, type of offer, tariff, other service) that can actually be obtained by a passenger at a given point in time, for a specific train. Not to be confused with offer, indicating that a (transport service, type of offer, tariff, other service) is offered in the initial planning, but could be sold out and is therefore not obtainable by a passenger at a given time point, for a specific train
ASP
Axle Load speed Profile
Axle load
Sum of the static vertical wheel forces exerted on the track through a wheelset or a pair of independent wheels divided by acceleration of gravity.
Backwards Compatibility
Backwards compatibility is a design or software feature that allows a product, system, or software application to remain compatible with earlier versions or older hardware. In the context of software, it means that a newer version of a program can still run and interact with files, data, or systems that were created using previous versions of that software. This ensures that users can upgrade to the latest version without losing access to their existing data or needing to make significant changes to their workflows. It's a valuable feature that enhances user convenience and reduces disruptions when technology evolves. Backward compatibility for hardware, also known as "hardware backward compatibility," refers to the ability of a newer piece of hardware to work seamlessly with older hardware components or peripherals, such as connectors, interfaces, or accessories. In the context of hardware, backward compatibility typically ensures that the new hardware can accommodate and interact with devices or components that were designed for older hardware specifications. Hardware backward compatibility is important for user convenience, cost savings, and reducing the need for immediate updates to all associated hardware components when a single component is upgraded. It often requires the inclusion of older ports or connectors on newer hardware or the development of adapters or converters to bridge the compatibility gap between old and new technologies.
BAC
Balanced Asynchronous Class
BALISE, FIXED
A balise that transmits data that does not change dynamically according to signalling information.
BALISE GROUP CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM
The means to ensure common location referencing between on-board and trackside, for all location based information exchanged through the ERTMS/ETCS transmission media.
BALISE GROUP LOCATION REFERENCE
Location of balise number 1 in a balise group. It is the origin of the balise group coordinate system
BALISE GROUP
One or more balises which are treated as having the same reference location on the track. The telegrams transmitted by all the balises of a group form a track-to-train message.
BALISE, SWITCHABLE
A balise that transmits data that can change dynamically according to signalling information.
BTM
A module inside the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment for intermittent transmission between track and train, which processes Up-link signals and retrieves application data telegrams from a balise.
BALISE TRANSMISSION MODULE
BALISE
A passive transponder mounted on the track which can communicate with a train passing over it.
BASELINE RELEASE
A baseline release is defined by a specific version of each of the CCS TSI annex A documents that are relevant for the system
BASELINE
A baseline is defined by a stable kernel in terms of system functionality, performance and other non-functional characteristics.
The Basic Integrity Platform Independence Interface I4 (Interface 4) is used to perform a basic integrity platform independence with the applications. In other words, this API is an interface limited to non-safety functionalities between runtime environment and applications.
Basic Integrity Platform Independence Interface
Basic parameter
Means any regulatory, technical or operational condition which is critical to interoperability and requires a decision in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21(2) before any development of draft TSIs by the joint representative body
any regulatory, technical or operational condition which is critical to interoperability and is specified in the relevant TSIs
Behavioural Component Exchange
exchange between behavioural components
Behavioural exchange
implemented as component exchange: interaction between two behavioural physical components or logical components, through their behavioural ports
Behavioural Port
Connection point of one or more behavioural exchanges allocated to a logical or physical component, by specifying what the component can provide (output port) and what it must perform (input port) (original definition may be not that accurate).
BCD
Binary Coded Decimal
Biometric Reader Device that reads the identity of a person by comparing some at...
Biometric Reader Device that reads the identity of a person by comparing some attribute of their physiological being or behavioral traits against a sample database. This reader permits the authentication of the actor.
Black Box View
The black box view hides structural decomposition of a system. In black box view, it cannot be differentiated between systems that are further refined into a system of systems or into subsystems.
Block train
A specific form of a direct train with only as much wagons as needed, running between two transhipment points without intermediate marshalling.
BLOCK
A method of controlling the separation between trains by dividing the line into sections with, normally, no more than one train in each section. The block can either be a fixed block or a moving block.
Booking (selling)
Means the selling of a ticket with or without a reservation
Booking
The process of making a reservation for space on a means of transport for the movement of goods.
BIU
Brake Interface Unit, used with regards to STM
BRAKING CURVE
Prediction of the train speed decrease versus distance by the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment, from a mathematical model of the train braking dynamics and of the track characteristics ahead.
BRAKING DISTANCE, EMERGENCY
The distance in which a train is capable of stopping with the emergency brake applied. Dependent upon train speed, train type, braking characteristics, train weight and gradient.
BRAKING DISTANCE, SERVICE
The distance in which a train is capable of stopping, with the full service brake applied. Dependent upon train speed, train type, braking characteristics, train weight and gradient.
Braking systems independent of wheel-rail adhesion conditions
bridging plate
retractable device integrated into the vehicle as close as possible to the door threshold level, fully automatic and activated in conjunction with the door opening/closing sequences.
broken axle on rolling stock in service
a break affecting the axle and creating a risk of accident (derailment or collision)
broken rail
any rail which is separated in two or more pieces, or any rail from which a piece of metal becomes detached, causing a gap of more than 50 mm in length and more than 10 mm in depth on the running surface
broken wheel on rolling stock in service
a break affecting the wheel and creating a risk of accident (derailment or collision)
Building Block Configuration Manifest
The Building Block (BB) Configuration Manifest is a file used to describe the configuration items of a BB Configuration. The BB Configuration Manifest file lists all configuration items of a specific building block, it is a generic definition (before integration in its environment) of the building block of a specific supplier. Note: the actual BB Configuration Items are not part of the BB Configuration Manifest, they are only referenced in the BB Configuration Manifest file.
Building Block Configuration
The Building Block Configuration is an exhaustive, unambiguous set (configuration items and BB manifest file) of all Configuration Items required to operate one instance of a Building Block. It includes default values for all parameters. As a consequence the Building Block Configuration can only be related to the "Generic Application" or "Generic Product" from CENELEC.
{comment:33} A building block is a sourceable unit of the CCS system (hardware and/or software), having standardised functionality, standardised performance (RAM), standardised safety (including Tolerable Functional Failure Rate [TFFR], Safety Integrity Level [SIL] and Safety Related Application Conditions [SRAC]), standardised security and standardised interfaces towards other building blocks and/or external systems. A building block can also be defined as a standardised module. {comment:158}
A BuildingBlock is a sourceable unit of the System (hardware and/or software) having: * standardised functionality * standardised PRAMS requirements (including Tolerable Functional Failure Rate [TFFR] * Safety Integrity Levels [SIL] for functions within the system border and Safety Related Application Conditions [SRAC]) * standardised cyber security requirements (including Security Level [SL] based on the security requirements, and Security Related Application Conditions [SRAC]) * standardised interfaces (on all OSI Layers) towards other Building Blocks and/or external systems. Building Blocks are separately sourceable from different suppliers and capable of being integrated by a third party. A BuildingBlock is the Lowest Updateable Unit (LUU - can be updated on its own) and must implement the Configuration interface. A BuildingBlock must have a unique identifier. If the BuildingBlock has safe functions it has a current "releaseVersionSafe". If the BuildingBlock has non safe functions that are independent of the "releaseVersionSafe" it has a current "releaseVersionNonSafe". A BuildingBlock configuration can have a dependency to other BuildingBlocks configurations having a specified releaseVersionSafe/releaseVersionNonSafe.
Building block
Building Strategy Concept
(image: 1-screenshot-20230102-140337.png)
Building Strategy
processus allowing to regroup physical components into consistent sub-collection in terms of industral development concerns and a strategy point of view
built according to existing design
For the purpose of this TSI, a rolling stock can be qualified as ‘built according to existing design’ when one of the two following conditions is met: — The applicant can prove that the newly built rolling stock will be produced according to a documented design that has already been used to produce a rolling stock which has been authorised to be placed into service in a Member State before the date of application of this TSI. — The manufacturer or the applicant can prove that the project was in pre-production phase, or in series production at the date of application of this TSI. In order to prove this, at least one prototype shall be in assembly phase with an existing identifiable body shell, and components already ordered from sub-suppliers shall represent 90 % of the total value of components. The Applicant shall demonstrate to the NSA that the conditions spelled out under the respective bullet point in this clause (depending on the situation at hand) are met.
Button A Hard Key allocated to a dedicated system on a cab. It's designed with a...
Button A Hard Key allocated to a dedicated system on a cab. It's designed with a dedicated SIL level. It allows a selection from two states and keeps one state as long as it is pressed.
Buzzer Electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used to provide an au...
Buzzer Electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used to provide an audible warning.
C-DAS - Connected Driver Advisory System
CAB, ACTIVE
The active cab is the cab associated with an ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment, from which the traction is controlled
CAB
The space in the power unit or driving unit of the train containing the operating controls and providing shelter and seats for the driver or engine crew.
Cant deficiency
Difference between the applied cant and a higher equilibrium cant.
Cant
Difference in height, relative to the horizontal, of the two rails of one track at a particular location, measured at the centrelines of the heads of the rails.
Capability Meaning
For the purposes of this document, a capability, in the framework of CMS, is considered as an interaction between processes, stakeholders and (IT) tools as illustrated in figure 5:
capacitor
implicit-from-entry-label: capacitor
CMS
Capacity Management system
Capacity Management System
In the railway context, capacity management refers to the strategic planning and operational control measures implemented to effectively manage the available resources and infrastructure of a railway system in order to meet the demand for transportation services. It involves assessing, optimizing, and maximizing the capacity of various components within the railway system, such as tracks, stations, trains, and associated facilities.
Capacity Management
Capacity Plan and Decision Processing
Processing the capacity plan along with the current decisions to generate an updated operational plan. Capacity plan is mapped to daily topology. Sectional runtime is re-calculated for the new operational plan. Every single second a new operational plan will be processed.
Capacity Planning
Capacity Planning is an instrument to determining the total theoretically available capacity supply (max. number of journeys per direction) and compare it to demand. Capacity can be requested from long term to short term (ad hoc slot ordering). Capacity planning supports the planning along all-time horizons (strategic to short term).
Capacity Plan
The capacity plan comprises any planned capacity usage (traffic and construction works) at any point in time during the planning period. The aim is a consistent and conflict free capacity plan.
Capacity Production
Capacity production is the implementation of the operational plan. Capacity production begins when the train starts its scheduled mission and ends with when it ends.
Capacity Restriction
Capacity restriction is a temporary full or partial unavailability of network infrastructure due to construction works, maintenance, inspection works or due to environmental influences and disruptions.
Capacity waste means:
* Paths are ordered without proper need, allocated and modified after allocation so that other ROCs cannot sensibly make use of them * Allocated paths are changed by RIMs after allocation due to the impact of TCRs by RIMs (same one allocating the path or another one on a different network) * An unnecessary number of paths are not allocated or are cancelled by RIMs due to poor alignment of several planned TCRs * Paths are not allocated or are cancelled by RIMs due to planned TCRs at times when little or no work is actually being carried out * Paths are not allocated or are cancelled by RIMs due to planned TCRs that were cancelled * Paths are not usable (or re-usable) due to the changes being communicated too late (i.e., due to paths being cancelled too late, TCRs cancelled, etc.)
capacity-enhancement plan
a measure or series of measures with a calendar for their implementation which aim to alleviate the capacity constraints which led to the declaration of an element of infrastructure as 'congested infrastructure'
Capacity-friendly behaviour means:
* A path confirmed is a commitment from both ROC and RIM, which should be kept after it has been allocated and accepted * Ordering capacity only when the market need for it need has been confirmed (ROC) * Give back the capacity as soon the market need changes, or other external requirements are known (ROC) * Defining the capacity for TCRs in a way that no more capacity than necessary is blocked – in dialogue between ROCs and RIMs * Planning the majority of TCRs and their impact to paths before path allocation (RIM) * Reducing TCRs in operational timetable to the minimum and planning their impact to paths/trains as early as possible (RIM) * Stabilising TCR planning - avoiding TCR cancellations that lead to a double loss of business, as well as massive re-planning of scheduled TCRs, which results in high efforts in operational planning (RIM)
Capacity
The total overall capability of the infrastructure that can be utilised by traffic or by maintenance. Capacity may apply to specific geographic sectors like stations or lines. Capacity usage must be requested, which results in capacity demand.
Capella viewpoint
A viewpoint is the tailoring of a capella diagram: * It has a specific purpose * It follows some diagram rules, that enforce this purpose * It is exported from Capella to Polarion in graphical form with a pre-defined filter
CAPEX
Capital Expenditures or Capital Expenses
Capital Expenditures
Car carrier
a vehicle without traction capable of carrying passenger motor cars without their passengers and which is intended to be integrated in a passenger train
Carrier, Joint
Means a carrier linked by a cooperation agreement to one or more other carriers for the operation of a transport service
Carrier, Sole
Means a carrier that operates a transport service independently of other carriers
Carrier
Means the contractual railway undertaking with whom the passenger has concluded a transport contract or a series of successive railway undertakings which are liable on the basis of such a contract
an enterprise which carries out a transport operation pursuant to a contract of carriage
causes
actions, omissions, events or conditions, or a combination thereof, which led to an accident or incident
Certification Authority
CBM
condition-based maintenance preventive maintenance based on the assessment of physical condition Note 1 to entry: The condition assessment may be by operator observation, conducted according to a schedule, or by condition monitoring (192-06-28 SPPRAMSS-4462 - condition monitoring, <of an item> ) of system parameters. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-06-07]
CCF
Common Cause Failures: failures of multiple items, which would otherwise be considered independent of one another, resulting from a single cause Note 1 to entry: Common cause failures can also be "common mode failures" (IEV 192-03-19). Note 2 to entry: The potential for common cause failures reduces the effectiveness of system redundancy. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-03-18]
CCS - Command Control Signalling
CCMS
The CCS Configuration Management System is a central location technical system that is responsible for managing the CCS configurations of a defined set of CCS deployments. Each CCS deployment is managed by exactly one CCS Configuration Management System.
CCS Configuration Management System
CCS Configuration Manifest
The CCS Configuration Manifest is a file used to describe (metadata) the configuration items of a CCS Configuration. The CCS Configuration Manifest file lists all building blocks of a specific CCS instance deployment, it is an overarching definition of the specific CCS instance deployment. By means of the CCS Configuration Manifest the integrity of a specific CCS instance deployment can be ensured. Note: the actual CCS Configuration Items are not part of the CCS Configuration Manifest, they are only referenced in the CCS Configuration Manifest file.
CCS Configuration
The CCS Configuration is an exhaustive, unambiguous description (all configuration items and an overarching CCS manifest file) of all building blocks necessary to operate a physical instance of a CCS System, approved (in line with the CENELEC process) for deployment to a specific CCS Instance (identified via an identifier, for instance the already existing NID_ENGINE, or other identifier already in use) and authorised to either operate on specific Railway Networks (identified via unique Railway Network Identifiers) or to be part of a specific Railway Network. The CCS Configuration is used for distribution of statical or semi-statical data (update data packet). It does not cover dynamic operational data like Moving Authority (for ETCS) or Journey Profiles (for ATO). The CCS Configuration is intended for CCS building blocks being present in multiple units, either close to infrastructure elements (e.g. CCS trackside instance and related signalling components like object controller) or CCS components on-board a train. It is not the aim to use CCS configuration management process (and the related CCS Configuration) for the update orchestration of large cloud based virtual machine environments (installed in data centres). For the latter there are more suitable solutions from the IT industry. It is not a prerequisite that CCS building blocks need to stay in operation when activating / installing a CCS Configuration (however, this is allowed). These components could shut down / restart, basically go out of operation, or remain in operation. The main sources for the CCS Configuration (configuration items and overarching CCS manifest file) content are the Building Block Suppliers and the Integrator (as described in the TCCS Configuration - High Level Concept document), accordingly the CCS Configuration content (and the related Configuration Management process) is restricted to what these roles are capable to provide. The Operator will only enrich the CCS Configuration with definitions in terms of point in time and other operationally significant parameters for the activation.
CCS Deployment
CCS Deployment refers to one physical deployment of a CCS System, that is also recognised with a unique identifier. A CCS Deployment consists of the CCS hardware running a specific CCS Configuration.
CCS Evolution Path
A (CCS) Evolution Path, is a standardised upgrade process (extensions, enhancements, and error corrections) of the CCS architecture. The evolution process shall respect the need for sufficient stability, i.e. periods for sufficient return of investment for developed products and installed systems.
CCS Feature (for MIG)
A CCS Feature is a cohesive piece of system functionality.{comment:9} It can be at the top level of the system of interest, in which case it is equivalent to the concept of System Capability, or it can be at a lower level, in which case it is to be considered as a sub-feature of a higher-level feature.
CCS Feature
A CCS Feature is a main/top-level function on System Level 3 for CCS. Examples: ATO GoA2, Cold Movement Detection, C-DAS Mixable onboard features (M/O means mandatory/optional) Feature(s) | M/O | Comment/Constrain/Condition/Version/Subfeature ETCS (ATP/ATO GoA1), only radio based | M | Compatibilty matrix onboard/trackside System Versions: Like today in TSI22. Assumption about phased out SV for the target system later on: Will be analysed in migration team. Inclusion of GSM-R in target architecture: To be analysed by MIG team with COM team, current TSI discussions to be included. ATO GoA 2,3 or 4 | O | RTO | O | Absolute Continuous Train Positioning | O | Option: Capabal to use trackside augmentation information (like EGNOS or map information) Train Integrity Information | O | Mandatory, if no trackside train detection exists Reliable train length information | O | Mandatory, if no trackside train detection exists Cold movement detection | O | DAC | O | C-DAS | O | Standard diagnostic interface | O | TMS onboard user interface | O | Fallback/light ATP system | O | To be discussed. Idependent and simplified mode or system that has minimal dependecies/maximized availability and allows safe rudimentory traffic in most degraded modes or for special vehicles Mixable trackside features in scope (M/O means mandatory/optional) Feature(s) | M/O | Comment/Constrain/Condition/Version/Subfeature ETCS onboard (ATP/ATO GoA1) | M | Radio based ETCS without lineside signals (no support for "overlay" installations. ATO GoA 2,3 or 4 | O | RTO | O | Postioning Augmentation Information | O | EGNOS, onboard map service Trackside Train detection | O | Mandatory, if trains/train units have no train-integrity, position reporting and reliable length information. Could be block sensors, geometric positions or point sensors. Onboard/trackside sensors can exist in parallel. DAC Control Applications | O | C-DAS Service | O | TMS services for onboard | O | e.g. request shunting route or possession by driver Support for fallback/light ATP system | O | To be discussed. Idependent and simplified mode or system that has minimal dependecies/maximized availability and allows safe rudimentory traffic in most degraded modes or for special vehicles
CCS System
The control command and signalling (CCS) system covers signalling, train control, positioning equipment and telecommunications.
CCS-OB
Control-Command and Signalling - On Board
CCS-TRK
Control-Command and Signalling - Track-side
CCS/TMS Data Model
The CCS/TMS Data Model{comment:91} defines the harmonised language to generate and transport the Domain Data at System Pillar interfaces. The Transversal CCS Subdomain 1 (SD1) is responsible for the specification of the CCS/TMS Data Model in collaboration with * the System Pillar domains which apply the defined data structures in interface specifications * the Innovation Pillar which proves the applicability of the data model by demonstrators.
CEF Transport
Connecting Europe Facility Transport, funding tool of the European Commission
CSM
Ceiling Speed Monitoring
Central modelling services
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CTC
Centralized traffic control
certificate
the harmonised complementary certificate indicating the infrastructure on which the holder is authorised to drive and the rolling stock which the holder is authorised to drive
Certification framework for CCS On-Board Subsystem
The certification framework is the CCS TSI applicable at the time of issuing the EC type or design examination certificate. It is the initial assessment framework amended with the revisions of TSIs that came into force during the design phase, and applicable as per the transition regime described in Appendix B.
CCM
Change Control Management
PROPOSAL what to change where. Shall normally be linked to an Isse. See SPPR-2210 - Manage change request links
Change Request
Change Request.
Changeability
Changeability refers to the ease with which a system can be modified or customized to meet specific requirements or adapt to new circumstances. It encompasses both minor changes, such as configuration adjustments, and more substantial modifications, such as adding or removing sub-systems.
Channel
Means the method (such as ticket office machine, on-train media, public web services, telesales, mobile ticketing) by which a service (information, ticket sale, ticket refund, response to complaints, etc.) is provided to the passenger by a railway undertaking
CI = Central Instance ECM 1 and vehicle keeper are registered in EVR () FDFTO TC...
CI = Central Instance ECM 1 and vehicle keeper are registered in EVR () FDFTO TCG = Technical Coordination Group{comment:7}
CSPDN
Circuit Switched Public Data Network
Circuit Switched
Class A / B system
ERMTS is considered being a class A system whereas national legacy non-ERTMS systems are known as class B systems. In the frame of the migration to the future, harmonised CCS architecture based on harmonised operating rules, ERTMS systems based on earlier baselines are also treated as a kind of Class B system.
Class
An object is an instance of a class and a class is an object type.
Clean code has an important implication of the project’s success as clean code i...
Clean code has an important implication of the project’s success as clean code is more efficient and reduces potential bugs. The following code guidelines should be followed: * Readability: Readable code is easy to follow and optimizes space and time * Conventions: Follow conventions will structure the code in a better way and reduces unnecessary lines of code - less code is less complexity. * Indentation: Proper indentation is very important to increase the readability. * Design Principles: Resolves common problems in a very structured way. * Documentation: The code should be properly commented for understanding easily. Especially for microservices, the following guidelines should be followed: * Software components should be built as independent stateless services. * All business logic in a service should be encapsulated with the data upon which it acts. * There should be no direct access to a database from outside a service. Any and all access to a database should be accomplished by invoking a service specifically implemented to do so. * Each service should publish an interface that enables access to its data and functionality by other services. Furthermore, the system follows the 12-factor-app methodology: * Codebase: One codebase tracked in revision control; many deploys. * Dependencies: Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies. * Config: Store config in the environment. * Backing services: Treat backing services as attached resources. * Build, release, run: Strictly separate build and run stages. * Processes: Execute the app as one or more stateless processes. * Port binding: Export services via port binding. * Concurrency: Scale out via the process model. * Disposability: Maximize robustness with fast startup and graceful shutdown. * Dev/prod parity: Keep development, staging, and production as similar as possible. * Logs: Treat logs as event streams. * Admin processes: Run admin/management tasks as one-off processes.
CLEAR (A SIGNAL)
To change a signal aspect from its most restrictive aspect to a less restrictive aspect.
CMD - Cold Movement Detector
CN-code
8-digit Code list for products used by customers.
Coach ID
Means the unique identification number of a coach
Coach
a vehicle without traction in a fixed or variable formation capable of carrying passengers (by extension, requirements specified to apply to coaches in this TSI are deemed to apply also to restaurant cars, sleeping cars, couchettes cars, etc.)
collision of train with obstacle within the clearance gauge
a collision between a part of a train and objects fixed or temporarily present on or near the track (except at level crossings if lost by a crossing vehicle or user), including collision with overhead contact lines
collision of train with rail vehicle
a front to front, front to end or a side collision between a part of a train and a part of another train or rail vehicle, or with shunting rolling stock
Combined road-rail transport | Combined Transport
Intermodal transport where the major part of the European journey is by rail and any initial and/or final legs carried out by road are as short as possible.
CEN
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Commission
Means the European Commission
CBO
Generic target of the System Pillar.
Common Business Objective
Common Business Objective.
Common crossing
Arrangement ensuring intersection of two opposite running edges of turnouts or diamond crossings and having one crossing vee and two wing rails.
Central Instance
Common Instance
Common Interface
the methods describing the assessment of safety levels and achievement of safety targets and compliance with other safety requirement
common safety methods
CST
the minimum safety levels that are to be reached by the system as a whole, and where feasible, by different parts of the Union rail system (such as the conventional rail system, the high-speed rail system, long railway tunnels or lines solely used for freight transport
common safety targets
Common standard properties of workitems
* Title: The name of the work item * Description/design: The description of the work item = the design. The description is work item type specific (e.g., a class description for an exchange object). * Type: One of the types in the next chapter, like “operational problem analysis”, “operational requirement”, “System Function” or “logical component” * State: Work items and link types have a sequence of states, they runs through while a trace is worked out. The minimal set of states is * Suspect: Because of trace changes potentially not any more valid (to be checked) * Configuration: (Multiple choice list) Every work item is part of one or more “configurations”. Configurations can be releases, or certain versions of an architecture (for scalability or migration) * Assignment: Every work item shall be assigned to a person or team. It is the role of a functional team to assign unassigned work items when the author is not sure where to assign. The “unassigned” work items are forming the work que for a functional team. * Priority * Due date/finished on * System Level: Every work item has one of the following System levels: “1/2”, “3”, “4”, “5”. The levels are needed to make the right team assignment choices. Example for some requirements: * Requirement “The ATO GoA 4 operational capability shall allow to move trains without driver” – this requirement has System Level 1/2 because CCS, TMS and DAC are involved. Therefore, the modelling service needs to break it down it. * “The ATP operational capability shall allow safe train ahead distances that are shorter than the breaking distance of the following train” – this requirement has System Level 3 because several elements of CCS are involved. * “The maintenance process of an object controller shall be possible via remote operations as far as economically viable” – this requirement has system level 4, the Trackside Asset CS domain will resolve it. * Rationale: The reason for the design (description) * Comments: All historical work/review comments to a work item incl. Answer/reaction * Approvers: Experts that are asked to confirm / object to the correctness of a work item
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System
COMMON-MODE FAULT
Fault common to items which are intended to be independent.
Commonality
Commonality is the set of reusable features (interface, functionality, performance, environment insertion, etc.) that a module or a building block is made of. {comment:178}
CFM
Communication Functional Module
Communication Mean
a medium that support interaction between operational entities/actors
CER
Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies
Community of European Railways
CEE
The Compartment Execution Environment refers to the combination of Physical Computing Element and Virtualization Environment.
Compartment Execution Environment
A Compartment is a consistent, integrated entity comprising exactly one Runtime Environment Instance, at most one Safety Environment Replica, and Task Replicas of its respective Functional Applications. It can be deployed on either a Physical or a Virtual Computing Element. Previous definition: A Compartment is a consistent, integrated entity comprising exactly one Runtime Environment Instance, Safety Environment Task Replicas of at most one Safety Environment, and Functional Application Task Replicas of its respective Functional Applications. It can be deployed on either a Physical or a Virtual Computing Element.
A Compartment is a consistent, integrated entity comprising exactly one Runtime Environment Instance, Safety Environment Task Replicas of at most one Safety Environment, and Functional Application Task Replicas of its respective Functional Applications. It can be deployed on either a Physical or a Virtual Computing Element.
Passenger area or staff area, which cannot be used as a through route for passengers or staff respectively
Compartment
Competence
The qualification and experience necessary to safely and reliably undertake the task being performed. Experience may be gained as part of the training process.
competent authority
the safety authority referred to in Article 16 of Directive 2004/49/EC
CEBD
Dataset compiled by the Data Handling System (DHS) suitable for energy billing
Compiled energy billing data
Complex Requirement
A complex requirement is a requirement in which a combination of the main five patterns occurs. The complexity increases with the number of concurrent combinations.
Component
{comment:35} A component is used to structure functionality within building blocks. It implements and encapsulates one or more behaviors (business logic) and exposes services via defined interfaces to other components.{comment:159}
The Computing Element provides physical or virtual compute resources.
Computing Element
Concept Aspect.
For sketching concepts.
CONUSE
Concept how to use the system
CONEMP
Concept of Employment
CONOPS
Concept of Operations
Conceptual Data Model
The conceptual data model is the information model of the railway system. It captures domain knowledge by defining concepts that describe the railway system. The model includes relations between concepts.
Conceptual Glossary
Container of concepts, typically class model illustrating a lexical definition, incl. relationships between concepts. May also be imported or authored by the project. Conceptual glossaries are referred to by lexcial glossaries.
Concept
A concept is a definition of a term together with its relationship to other terms. So e.g. the term “train unit” together with the directed relationship “runs on” towards another term “track” forms the concept: “Train unit runs on track”.
condition monitoring, <of an item>
obtaining information about physical state or operational parameters Note 1 to entry: Condition monitoring is used to determine when preventive maintenance may be required. Note 2 to entry: Condition monitoring may be conducted automatically during operation or at planned intervals. Note 3 to entry: Condition monitoring methods include: vibration analysis, tribology and thermography. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-06-28]
CONDITIONAL LEVEL TRANSITION ORDER
A Conditional Level Transition Order is a spot check of the on-board operated level. This may cause a level transition if the ERTMS/ETCS on-board does not operate one of the allowed levels.
CONDITIONS, MAINTENANCE
The maintenance criteria adopted for maintaining the system referred to its Operating Conditions.
CONDITIONS, OPERATING
The rated performance required of the system.
CONDITIONS, SYSTEM
The conditions under which the system is called to operate, including: • environmental conditions; • operating conditions; • maintenance conditions.
Confidentiality
Confidentiality: property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes (source: ISO 27000-2018 )
Configuration Data
The Configuration Data refers to use case-specific data for the Consuming Systems for a specific application. These can be broadly classified as Trackside Configuration Data and Train Configuration Data. Configuration Data. Being application-specific, they can be further detailed as Map Data (incl. On-Board Map Data), Segment Profiles, Software Packages (generally executable binary data from suppliers) and Parameter Data. As a part of the configuration process, the Consuming Systems need to get the required Configuration Data from TCCS Services. The Configuration Data is static and does not change during the validity period of a Configuration Data version. Potential updates of Configuration Data will be realised by a centralised provisioning process, including activation of the new Configuration Data version.{comment:140}
Configuration Item
part of the system that must be engineered, produced or bought, duplicated as much as it is used in the system and assembled with others in order to build a copy of the system
Configuration Management Concept
The Configuration Management Concept is a solution oriented description of the Configuration Management Process: it defines all the technical solutions needed for the concrete implementation of the Configuration Management Process.
Configuration Management Process
The Configuration Management Process captures all concrete activities along the complete configuration management chain: from the Building Block realisation (by the Building Block Supplier(s)), to the integration into a specific CCS System Instance (by the Integrator(s)), to the distribution to the field (by the Operator), and the actual activation (going into operation) in the field (it includes also on a train). The Configuration Management Process is a solution agnostic term that collects all activities needed for the Configuration Management.
CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, control change to those characteristics, record and report change processing and implementation status and verify compliance with specified requirements. (3)
Configuration Management refers to the management of all Configuration Items of a physical instance of a CCS System. From a process point of view, it covers activities along the complete chain, from the Building Block Supplier(s) to the Integrators, the Operator, and the actual CCS Deployment being operational (it includes also on a train).
Configuration View
The configuration view exposes map data that{comment:1} fit the purpose of a given use case, e.g. ATO, TMS, ETCS L2/3 and delivers the information for the configuration of the subsystems that realise the use case.
CONFIGURATION
The structuring and interconnecting of the hardware and software of a system for its intended application.
Description of a collection of model elements, either available or unavailable in a given context. A context can be a mode, a state or a combination of both.
Configure/administer content platform, define/moderate/train ACDARP process/prin...
Configure/administer content platform, define/moderate/train ACDARP process/principles/guideline, define quality criteria/dod, surveil quality/dod, define top-level content targets, moderate content break-down process, check target fulfilment
CONFLICTING MOVEMENTS
Movements that would require trains to occupy the same portion of track over all or part of their length.
Conflict
A conflict is any difference between the operational plan and the forecast, regardless of any actual need for intervention to resolve it.
conformity assessment body
a body that has been notified or designated to be responsible for conformity assessment activities, including calibration, testing, certification and inspection; a conformity assessment body is classified as a ‘notified body’ following notification by a Member State; a conformity assessment body is classified as a ‘designated body’ following designation by a Member State
conformity assessment
the process demonstrating whether specified requirements relating to a product, process, service, subsystem, person or body have been fulfilled
congested infrastructure
an element of infrastructure for which demand for infrastructure capacity cannot be fully satisfied during certain periods even after coordination of the different requests for capacity
CEPID
Connection EndPoint IDentifier
Considered Fleet Type
type of rolling stock regarding a certain usecas, for example cargo trains, passenger trains, high speed passenger trains
Considered Track Type
type of track regarding a certain usecase, for example cargo line, high speed line, regional line
Consignee | Goods receiver
Party by whom the goods are to be received.
consignee
any natural or legal person who receives goods pursuant to a contract of carriage; if the transport operation takes place without a contract of carriage, any natural or legal person that takes charge of the goods on arrivals shall be deemed to be the consignee
Consignment note
A document, which evidence a contract for the transportation by a carrier of one consignment from a named place of acceptance to a named place of delivery. It contains details of the consignment to be carried.
Consignment order
A subset of the consignment note which shows the relevant information for a RU, needed to carry on the transportation during its responsibility until handover to a next RU. Instruction for the transportation of a wagon consignment.
Consignment
Freight sent under a single contract of carriage. In combined transport, this term may be used for statistical purposes, to measure loading units or road vehicles.
Consignor | Shipper | Goods sender
Party which, by contract with a Service Integrator, consigns or sends goods with the carrier, or has them conveyed by him.
consignor
an enterprise which consigns goods either on its own behalf or for a third party
Consolidated Glossary
A SPPR-5436 - Lexical Glossary is called consolidated if all contained items are not contradictory nor ambiguous toward other glossaries of System Pillar. All possible ambiguities are resolved by means of context information added to the definitions. A consolidated glossary provides a safe basis for the context underlying its namespace. This supports efficient communication in expert groups. See SPPR-5313 - Consolidate the glossary items.
Constraint.
Limitation of applicabilty of a design workitem
Contact force
Vertical force applied by the pantograph to the OCL
CONTACT LENGTH
The distance between the place where a train becomes able to communicate with a device (e.g. a balise) to the place where communication becomes impossible.
Contact line system
System that distributes the electrical energy to the trains running on the route and transmits it to the trains by means of current collectors
Contact wire uplift
Vertical upward movement of the contact wire due to the force produced from the pantograph
Content Exchange Concept
Context model
A context model is a window to the underlying comprehensive linked set of data types. The context model prescribes the content of a view. A context model is platform-independent, i.e. not designed with a particular technology in mind.
context
The ARCADIA method applies to the design of complex and critical systems, and more generally architectures that are subject to multiple functional and non-functional constraints, including software, electronic, electrical architectures, and industrial processes. It defines a set of practices that guides needs analysis and design to meet an operational requirement. At the same time it is adaptable to the processes and constraints linked to various types of life cycles such as bottom-up approach, application reuse, incremental, iterative and partial development.
CONTINOUS DATA TRANSMISSION
Track-to-train or train-to-track transmission that can take place continuously, independent of location (e.g. by radio).
CI/CD
Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment
contracting entity
a public or private entity which orders the design and/or construction or the renewal or upgrading of a subsystem
contractual agreement
an agreement or, mutatis mutandis, an arrangement within the framework of administrative measures
CONTROL CENTRE
A centralised control system that controls the train movements in a large territory.
Control Channel
CCS
Control Command and Signaling
Control, Command and Signalling
Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/919 of 27 May 2016 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the ‘control-command and signalling’ subsystems of the rail system in the European Union
Control-Command and Signalling
Control-command and signalling
Controller Unit The Controller Unit is a hardware component which embeds logical...
Controller Unit The Controller Unit is a hardware component which embeds logical controller(s). There may be only one Hardware or distributed to several HMI elements.
“Control” something
Define/derive deliverables and targets, break down and assign work, define process/leads, supervise timing, check results, organize approval and decision process
COTIF
Convention Concerning International Carriage by Rail (Convention relative aux Transports Internationaux Ferroviaires)
Cooperation mode
Mode of train operation where various RU cooperate under the leadership of one RU (LRU). Each involved RU contracts the needed path for the transport journey on its own.
coordination
the process through which the infrastructure manager and applicants will attempt to resolve situations in which there are conflicting applications for infrastructure capacity
corrective maintenance
Maintenance carried out after fault detection to effect restoration Note 1 to entry: Corrective maintenance of software invariably involves some modification. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-06-06]
CBA
Cost Benefit Analysis
Cost of damage to environment
costs that are to be met by Railway Undertakings and Infrastructure Managers, appraised on the basis of their experience, in order to restore the damaged area to its state before the railway accident
Cost of delays as a consequence of accidents
the monetary value of delays incurred by users of rail transport (passengers and freight customers) as a consequence of accidents
Cost of material damage to rolling stock or infrastructure
the cost of providing new rolling stock or infrastructure, with the same functionalities and technical parameters as that damaged beyond repair, and the cost of restoring repairable rolling stock or infrastructure to its state before the accident, to be estimated by Railway Undertakings and Infrastructure Managers on the basis of their experience, including also costs related to the leasing of rolling stock, as a consequence of non-availability due to damaged vehicles.
COTS-product
Means commercial off-the-shelf products
CRITICALITY
The point at which a failure or a number of failures renders the system unusable and/or unsafe.
XFN
Cross functional
CROSS-ACCEPTANCE
The status achieved by a product that has been accepted by one Authority to the relevant European Standards and is acceptable to other Authorities without the necessity for further assessment. (4)
cross-border agreement
any agreement between two or more Member States or between Member States and third countries intended to facilitate the provision of cross-border rail services
Crosswind
Strong wind blowing laterally to a line which may adversely affect the safety of trains running.
CS MODE
Circuit switched transmission mode uses a dedicated end-to-end transmission resource for each logical connection.
CSM-ALSP
Common Safety Methods for assessing the safety level and the safety performance of railway operators [SOURCE: RECOMMENDATION ERA1219 OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR RAILWAYS]
CSM-RA
‘common safety method for Risk evaluation and Assessement’ {comment:95} means the methods describing the assessment of safety levels and achievement of safety targets and compliance with other safety requirements; SPPRAMSS-619 - [CSM RA + (EU) No 1136/2015]
‘common safety targets’ (CSTs) means the minimum safety levels that are to be reached by the system as a whole, and where feasible, by different parts of the Union rail system (such as the conventional rail system, the high-speed rail system, long railway tunnels or lines solely used for freight transport); SPPRAMSS-337 - [Directive (EU) 2016/798]
Combined Transport
Current collector
Equipment fitted to the vehicle and intended to collect current from a contact wire or conductor rail
CURRENT POSITION
The position of a train measured at a certain moment using defined system co-ordinates.
Customer
Is the entity which has issued the consignment note to the Lead RU.
Means a person who intends to buy, is buying, or has bought a railway product for him/herself or for other person(s). May therefore be different from passenger (see passenger)
a customer is an entity who buys and owns railway equipments and services from manufacturers (also called supplier) or engineering companies (e.g. Rus, IMs).
CVR-OB - Cabin Voice Radio On-Board
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Code
DAC - Digital Automatic Coupling
DANGER (ASPECT)
An indication given by a signal to stop.
The location beyond the End of Movement Authority that can be reached by the front of the train without creating a hazardous situation.
DANGER POINT
Danger Zone
The area in the trackside in which the track path shall be unobstructed at the time a train runs over it.{comment:101} Note as a representation, it has the dimensions of the trackside asset (within its boundaries).
dangerous goods
‘dangerous goods’ means those substances and articles the carriage of which is prohibited by RID, or authorised only under the conditions prescribed therein
As covered by Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the inland transport of dangerous goods (1)
DAS - Driver Advisory System
Data and Data Class
element of an exchange item. their content is described by a data class that can be shared by other data. A data class is a structure that defines the data and their elementary properties/attributes
DCE
Data Communication Equipment
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)
A block cipher published in 1977 by the NBS as a US government norm. DES has been renamed Data Encryption Algorithm (DEA) during its adoption as an ANSI standard ([ANSI X3.92], 1981).
DES
Data Encryption Standard
DATA INTEGRITY
The property that a message has not been modified or destroyed.
DLP
Data loss prevention
Data Model Layer
Note: informelle Gruppierung im Modell (analog zur RCA tiers), für Kommunikation/Verständnis A data model layer offers a view of the information as needed by, and as limited by a functional domain such as topology, geometry, signalling, gauge, etc.
DTE
Data Terminal Equipment
DBMS
Database Management System
Data
Direct current
death (killed person)
any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of an accident, excluding any suicide
DECELERATION DATA
Data that relates to the braking performance of the train.
Decibels
Decision
A decision is a single action intended to make a modification the operational plan.
Link to workitems / documents, that shall be decided. Is assigned to the coregroup conveners.
Decommissioning
Withdrawing systems or components from service and dismantle it
Decryption
Means the converting of encrypted data back into their original form
DEFAULT VALUE
Value stored in the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment and used if there is no other value available.
Definition as per DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/797 of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability...
Definition as per DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/797 of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union: Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Directive: * … * ‘interoperability’ means the ability of a rail system to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains which accomplish the required levels of performance. Definition as per Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability, downloaded 21.09.23 17:47): Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system-to-system performance. Definition in the context of this document: In the context of this document, interoperability is mainly related to the interfaces between: * wagon and wagon, * wagon and locomotive and * vehicles (wagon / locomotive) FDFTO devices, FDFTO devices supplier’s Cloud, Central Instance cloud. that are necessary to be harmonized to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of freight trains (also known as FDFTO).
Definition.
Glossary entry. See: Definitions
ARCADIA (Architecture Analysis & Design Integrated Approach) is a system and software architecture engineering method based on architecture-centric and model-driven engineering activities. Main resources about ARCADIA can be found on the official websites: https://www.eclipse.org/capella/arcadia-reference.html (image: 1-screenshot-20230107-163323.png)
Degraded operation
Operation resulting from an unplanned event that prevents the normal delivery of train services.
Delay
Means the time difference between the time the passenger was scheduled to arrive according to the published timetable and the time of his/her actual or expected arrival
DELETION (of a message)
An attack in which a message is erased from the stream of messages.
Deliverable
An input or output of a task that crosses the process boundaries. Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that must be produced to complete a process, phase, or project. (e.g. Requirement Specification)
Delta deviation
Means the operational ‘lateness or earliness’ in relation to the booked scheduled time
Departure date/time, actual
Date (and time) of departure of means of transport.
Means the actual date (And time) of departure of means of transport
Departure date/time, estimated
Means the date (And time) of departure of means of transport based on current forecast
Departure date/time, planned
Means the date (And time) of departure of means of transport in the timetable
Departure delay, actual
Means the time difference between the actual departure date/time and the Planned departure date/time
Departure delay, expected
Means the time difference from the departure date/time and the expected departure date/time
Deployment
rollout
derailment of train
any case in which at least one wheel of a train leaves the rails
DES KEY
A cryptographic key of length 64 bits, where each eighth bit is an odd parity bit, as defined in [ANSI X3.92], 1981. Because of this structure, the effective key length is 56 bits.
design operating state
The ‘design operating state’ covers all conditions under which the unit is intended to operate and its technical boundaries. This design operating state may go beyond the specifications of this TSI in order that units may be used together in a train on the network under the safety management system of a railway undertaking.
the normal operating mode and the foreseeable degraded conditions (including wear) within the range and the conditions of use specified in the technical and maintenance files
Design phase for CCS On-Board Subsystem
The design phase for the CCS subsystem is the period starting once a notified body, which is responsible for EC verification, is contracted by the applicant and ending when the EC type or design examination certificate is issued. A design phase covers the CCS subsystem integrated in a vehicle type and one or several type variant(s) and type version(s). For all type variant(s) and type version(s), the design phase is considered as starting at the same time as for the main type.
Design track gauge
A single value which is obtained when all the components of the track conform precisely to their design dimensions or their median design dimension when there is a range.
Design value
Theoretical value without manufacturing, construction or maintenance tolerances.
“Design” something
Create content along the rules given by all "control" and "manage" roles, moderate review and approval process
Desk Area Desk Area is a location attribute (left, center...) associated to HMI...
Desk Area Desk Area is a location attribute (left, center...) associated to HMI Element for TDS Controller to allocate elements to a View.
Desk Display Area A Zone displaying a piece of visual information of particular...
Desk Display Area A Zone displaying a piece of visual information of particular system and defined by a size (in cells) and an absolute position (x ,y, z axes). It is more commonly named Area in this specification.
Desk Inside a cab, the set of operating controls*, which is dedicated to preferr...
Desk Inside a cab, the set of operating controls*, which is dedicated to preferred movements in a given direction (i.e. forward movements, in which visibility from the cab is provided to the driver). Exception: some single cab locomotives are fitted with one single desk, allowing normal movements in both directions. *set of operating controls: screens, buttons, traction/brake lever, direction controller, radio control, switches, …Desk
DESK
Inside a cab, the set of operating controls, which is dedicated to preferred movements in a given direction (i.e. forward movements, in which visibility from the cab is provided to the driver). Exception: some single cab locomotives are fitted with one single desk, allowing normal movements in both directions.
Despatch | Dispatch
See Train despatch
Destination Address
development of the railway infrastructure
network planning, financial and investment planning as well as the building and upgrading of the infrastructure
Development Partnership
Contract between IM or RU and one of more suppliers about developing product(s) or (sub)systems as a collaboration
Development Task
* Take spec, build system * Usually starts on CENELEC P5 * Bottom of CENELEC “V”
DEV
Development
Deviation Detection
Comparing the operational plan with the real-time status to detected operational deviations. Deviations have already happened and may only be mitigated but not solved.
Deviation
A deviation is any difference between the operational plan and the actual state of traffic; unlike a conflict, deviations may only be mitigated but not solved.
Device
Device{comment:36} A physical entity performing a predefined (set of) task(s). It consists of software integrated on a hardware.
Diagnostics
Diagnostics is the assessment of health and performance of an asset or a group of assets. Furthermore, the diagnostic system also provides all information of single components in the field like: software version, parametrisation file version, firmware version, hardware version, manufacturer part number, manufacturer serial number, ID in the field (e.g. NID_ENGINE), cumulated hours in operation, IP address, etc. The latter is being used for analysis purposes.{comment:168} {comment:131}
Diagram.
Stores a diagram, slide, or picture.
Diesel Multiple Unit
[self-propelling] trainset [powered by diesel] in which all vehicles are capable of carrying a payload (passengers or luggage/mail or freight)
Difference Value between the Permitted Speed to e.g. DV_EBIminEmergency Brake Intervention speed (minimum) DV_EBImax Emergency Brake Intervention speed (maximum)
DAC
Digital Automated Coupling
DCM
Digital Capacity Management
Digital Continuity
Digital continuity means that the transformation of information from the single source of truth all the way to production maps is fully automated, robust and without manual processing steps. Secondly, new storage technologies, computing platforms, communication protocols will come into fashion and the data model shouldn't prevent future users to adopt such technical innovations.
Direct Current
Direct train
A train with related wagons which runs between two transhipment points (initial source – final destination) without intermediate marshalling.
Direction Flag
Directive 2008/57
Means Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community
DG MOVE
Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport
DG RTD
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
Disaster Recovery-Plan
Disconnect
Dispatching
Dispatching is the sum of actions intended to make modifications the operational plan.
Display Panel Glass (LCD) showing pixels without controller.
Display
Means any dynamic visual device located either in Stations or on the inside/outside of trains for the purpose of informing passengers
Distance between track centres
The distance between points of the centre lines of the two tracks under consideration, measured parallel to the running surface of the reference track namely the less canted track.
DDOS
Distributed Denial of Service
Distribution Job
Distribution Job is the complete configuration data packet that is finally provided to the building blocks. The Distribution Job contains the metadata required for the distribution of a CCS Configuration. In addition to linking a referenced CCS Manifest to a CCS Vehicle Identifier or a CCS Trackside Identifier, it also includes information like distribution date / time, activation location, etc. This metadata will be evaluated by central location system (centrally located: typically a CCS configuration management system) and different distributed systems (distributed in the field: e.g. on-board) involved in the distribution process.
Distributor
Means an undertaking providing legal and technical capacity to issuers to sell rail products or to provide on line-facilities to customers to buy rail products. Besides, the distributor can offer services to issuers by assembling O-Ds carried out by different carriers into complete journeys as required by the traveller. The distributor may be a carrier
DIVERSITY
A means of achieving all or part of the specified requirements in more than one independent and dissimilar manner. (4)
DM - Digital Map
DMI - Driver Machine Interface
Document Exchange
Document exchange is the act of sharing an exported document with people outside the document authoring group (domain task).
Document Generation and Management
Document Generation is the collection of information/workitems,{comment:3} and its following updating/review, within a single document having a specific scope and foreseen by the Documents Management Plan.{comment:4} The document generation shall be executed by the task that is in charge of the document (as foreseen by the Documents Management Plan). Templates from SP-Central Modelling Service shall be used (80 Templates ).{comment:27}
Documents Publication
Documents Publication is the creation of a document baseline and subsequent exportation in a defined exchangeable format (pdf, doc). {comment:5}
Domain Data Model
A domain data model is the information package needed by a professional discipline and the associated subsystems such as TMS, time tabling, ATO, ETCS signalling.
Domain Data
Domain Data as part of the SPT2TS-2040 - CCS/TMS Data Model is a use-case-specific representation of information following the specific needs of affected systems and their functionalities implementing the use case. Domain data are a tailored and potentially transformed subset of Engineering Data. {comment:20}
DNS
Domain Name Server
Domain Name System
Domestic journey
Means a passenger journey by rail whereby a passenger does not cross a border of a Member State
Domestic rail passenger service
Means a rail passenger service which does not cross a border of a Member State
Driveability (or Drivability)
The degree of smoothness and steadiness of acceleration of a vehicle.
DRIVER IDENTITY
Unique code which identifies a train driver.
DMI
The interface to enable direct communication between the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment and the driver.
Driver Machine Interface
DRIVER MACHINE INTERFACE
Driver
As defined in Article 3 of Directive 2007/59/EC.
Driving Coach
A coach […] equipped with a driver's cab
DRIVING ON SIGHT
The driver driving at a speed that allows him to stop the train to avoid obstacles on the track.
Driving Trailer
a vehicle without traction equipped with a driving cab
Driving Van
A van […] equipped with a driver's cab
DUAL CAB ENGINE
Rolling Stock unit fitted with two driving cabs and one single ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment.
Dual Trackside Signalling Strategy
Installing and running both class B signalling system and ETCS on the same track
Duty holder
Any individual or legal entity responsible for the risk, which he imports onto the network, i.e. the RU.
Dynamic lateral force
The sum of dynamic forces exerted by a wheelset on the track in lateral direction.
DYNAMIC SPEED PROFILE
The speed / distance profile that a train may follow without violating the static speed profile and/or the EOA/LOA.
Each Use Case is represented as the sequence of events that, from the identifica...
Each Use Case is represented as the sequence of events that, from the identification of the need to the execution, describes all the steps and the involved actors, according to the RACI definition, taken from the EU-Rail Governance handbook: * Responsible “R”: Refers to the person who must ensure that activities are completed successfully. In a RACI chart, answers the question: Who is getting the task done? Roles taking the main operational stake in fulfilling the activity listed and creating the intended outcome. * Accountable “A”: The individual, group or entity that is ultimately responsible for a subject matter, process, or scope. In a RACI chart, answers the question: Who accounts for the success of the task? * Consulted “C”: Refers to those people whose opinions are sought on an activity (two-way communication). In a RACI chart, answers the question: Who is providing input? Key roles that provide input. Note that it is up to the accountable and responsible roles to obtain information from other units or external partners, too; however, inputs from the roles listed are to be considered and, if required, appropriate action must be taken for escalation, including the information of the process owner and/or the steering committee. * Informed “I”: Refers to those people who are kept up to date on the progress of an activity (one-way communication). In a RACI chart, answers the question: Who is receiving information? Roles who are informed of the achievements and/or deliverables of the task. The role in ‘accountable, of course, should always receive appropriate information to oversee the task, as do the responsible roles for their area of interest.
Earthworks
Soil structures and soil-retaining structures that are subject to railway traffic loading.
EARS
Easy Approach to Requirements Syntax
EB - Emergency Brake
ECN - Ethernet Consist Network
ELK
Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana
Electric Multiple Unit
[self-propelling] trainset [powered by electrity] in which all vehicles are capable of carrying a payload (passengers or luggage/mail or freight)
ECG
Electro Cardiogram
Electro-pneumatic
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
Elementary File (SIM Card)
EBCL
Emergency Brake Confidence Level
EBD
Emergency Brake Deceleration Curve
EBI
Emergency Brake Intervention supervision limit
Application of a predefined brake force in the shortest time in order to stop the train with a defined level of brake performance.
EMERGENCY BRAKING
Emergency call
Call set up in some dangerous situations to warn all trains/shunting movements in a defined area.
Emergency exit
train borne provision to allow people inside the train to get out of the train in case of an emergency. An external passenger door is a specific type of emergency exit.
employee or contractor
any person whose employment is in connection with a railway and is at work at the time of the accident, including the staff of contractors, self-employed contractors, the crew of the train and persons handling rolling stock and infrastructure installations
EN Line Category
The result of the classification process set out in the specification referenced in Appendix T, Index [2] and referred to in that standard as ‘Line Category’. It represents the ability of the infrastructure to withstand the vertical loads imposed by vehicles on the line or section of line for regular (‘normal’) service.
The result of the classification process set out in EN 15528:2008+A1:2012 Annex A and referred to in that standard as ‘Line Category’. It represents the ability of the infrastructure to withstand the vertical loads imposed by vehicles on the line or section of line for regular service.
Encryption
Encoding of messages Decryption: converting encrypted data back into original form
Means the encoding of data
end coupling
coupling device used to couple together two (or several) units to form a train. An end coupling can be ‘automatic’, ‘semi-automatic’ or ‘manual’. An end coupling can be used for rescue purpose (see clause 4.2.2.2.4). In the context of this TSI, a ‘Manual’ coupling is an end coupling system which requires (one or several) person(s) to stand between the units to be coupled or uncoupled for the mechanical coupling of these units.
End of authority passed without permission
An end of authority passed without permission is any occasion when a train proceeds beyond the end of authority in the following circumstances: — A trackside signal at danger, or an order to STOP where an ATP is not operational, — The end of a movement authority provided in an ATP, — A point communicated by verbal or written authorisation laid down in regulations, — Stop boards, — Hand signals. This covers movement authority as described in ETCS and authority to move covered by instructions/signalling. Any case in which a vehicle without any traction unit attached or a train that is unattended runs away is not included.
END OF AUTHORITY
Location to which the train is permitted to proceed and where target speed = zero.
EoL
In system design, the term "End of Life" refers to the stage in the lifecycle of a system or product when it is no longer considered viable, functional, or supported. It marks the point at which the system or product is no longer actively maintained, developed, or sold by the manufacturer or service provider.
End of Life
END OF LOOP MARKER
Information transmitted by a balise group intended to mark the beginning of a track area where loop messages can be received. In bidirectional applications, it is possible to have an EOLM at both sides of a loop.
END OF MOVEMENT AUTHORITY
Location to which the train is permitted to proceed according to an MA. When transmitting an MA, it is the end of the last section given in the MA.
EoS
In system engineering, "End of Support" refers to the point in the lifecycle of a system or software product when the manufacturer or service provider discontinues providing technical support, maintenance, and updates for the product. It signifies the end of the official assistance and resources available from the provider to address issues, fix bugs, or offer guidance to users of the system.
End of Support
EOLM
End-of-Loop-Marker
ENE
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1301/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to the ‘energy’ subsystem of the rail system in the Union
Energy
Engaged Area
The equivalent area in the trackside in which (controllable) trackside assets shall be restricted from changing its correlation. In other words, whilst the SPT2OD-6035 - Missing cross-reference is occupied, the safety system shall not allow any request that could lead to the unsafe operation of a (controllable) trackside asset to be executed.{comment:40} Note as a representation, as a minimum, it has the equivalent dimensions of Danger Zone + Operating Time (+ applicable Margin), where: * 'Operation time' represents the (best case){comment:60} minimum period of time required for a controllable trackside asset to complete its operation from one defined state to another. * 'Margin' could refer to processing/communication time, etc.
ENGINE ORIENTATION
If there is an active cab, this one defines the orientation of the engine, i.e. the side of the active cab is considered as determining the front of the engine.
Engineering Data
The Engineering Data as part of the SPT2TS-2040 - CCS/TMS Data Model contains all the base data (i.e.,{comment:19} track topology, track geometry, track asset configuration) for compiling the next version(s) of use case-specific Domain Data. The standardized Engineering Data comprehensively covers the data needs for the SERA in the scope of the System Pillar (i.e. radio-based ETCS only). Specific data needed for migration is out of the scope of SPT2TS-2040 - CCS/TMS Data Model.
Engineering data are measurements, design data and derived data that parametrise the railway system, i.e. configuration information.
Engineering Input Data
Refers to data for specific digital sources required for engineering, such as * Track layout (nominal geometry of the respective construction phase) * Track Assets (points, signals, train detection elements, etc.) * Properties (speeds, gradients, etc.) * Structures (platform, tunnel, etc.) * Logical data such as trackside train detection sections (if still available) * Acquisition Data * Configuration Data for track objects * Train specific data like ETCS Braking curves * Any other data required for CCS/TMS system configuration
Engineering View
The engineering view exposes the configuration information that was used to build, test and release the railway system. This constitutes the as-planned situation.
ENGINE
Association of one or two driving cab(s) of a Rolling Stock unit with one single ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment. When a driving cab of the engine is used to lead a train/shunting consist, the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment supervises the movement of the train/shunting consist the engine belongs to. Each driving cab of an engine allows the driver communicating with the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment through the DMI.
eMLPP
Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption
Enhanced Odometry
Enhanced Odometry is a function of the ASTP CCS onboard interoperability constituent. The ‘enhanced odometry’ concept refers to the use of sensors based on novel technologies in the estimation of train speed and a decrease of the confidence interval of the measured distance s so that the accuarcy becomes better or equal to ±(5m+ 2%s). Enhanced Odometry outputs safety functions with SIL4 integrity level. Remark: The overall aim of the enhanced odometry is to increase the performance, reliability and robustness against low adhesion conditions (slip/slide phenomena) and possible systematic errors. (image: 2-ASTP.png)
Enterprise Shared Services
A collection of standardized interface implementations of central security and IT communication functions in a back-office environment. Examples are Security Incident and Event Management System (SIEM), Intrusion Detection System, PKI Certificate Authority, Corporate Directory, Asset Management, DNS. These services are typically accessible for the automation network via controlled communication paths (e.g. DMZ). The interfaces from the Shared Security Services to the Enterprise Services are identified by ESI-<Service name>.
ECM
an entity in charge of the maintenance of a vehicle, and registered as such in a vehicle register referred to in Article 47 of Directive (EU) 2016/797
an entity in charge of maintenance as defined in point (20) of Article 3 of Directive (EU) 2016/798
entity in charge of maintenance
ENTRANCE SIGNAL
A main signal, intended for trains entering a station.
EQUIPPED LINE
Line equipped with ERTMS/ ETCS in application level 1 or 2
Equivalent conicity
The tangent of the cone angle of a wheelset with coned wheels whose lateral movement has the same kinematic wavelength as the given wheelset on straight track and large-radius curves.
ERA - European Railway Agency
EECT
ERA Extended Core Team
ERG - Euro Radio Gateway
ERHD
European Railway Hazard Database. A collection existing hazard lists of known hazards which is initiated and maintained by ERJU's PRAMS domain with the aim to provide a harmonized set of hazards.
ERTMS - European Rail Traffic Management System
ERTMS comprises of the European Train Control System (ETCS), i.e. a cab-signalling system that incorporates automatic train protection, the Global System for Mobile communications for Railways (GSM-R) and operating rules.
(ERA definition)
EUG
ERTMS Users Group
ERTMS/ETCS ON-BOARD EQUIPMENT
The part (software and/or hardware) of the on-board equipment, which fulfils the ERTMS/ETCS specification.
Essential Function
function or capability that is required to maintain health, safety, the environment and availability for the equipment under control Note 1 to the entry: Essential functions include, but are not limited to, the safety instrumented function (SIF), the control function and the ability of the operator to view and manipulate the equipment under control. The loss of essential functions is commonly termed loss of protection, loss of control and loss of view respectively. In some industries additional functions such as history may be considered essential.
Essential requirements
Means all the conditions set out in Annex III to Directive 2008/57/EC which must be met by the trans-European rail system, the subsystems, and the Interoperability Constituents including interfaces
all the conditions set out in Annex III which must be met by the Union rail system, the subsystems, and the interoperability constituents, including interfaces
ESTIMATED POSITION
The position the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment estimates the train front is at, with the highest probability according to the physical characteristics of the train and to the odometer working conditions. It is expressed as a distance from a location reference detected by the on-board.
ESTIMATED SPEED
The speed the odometer estimates the train is running at, with the highest probability according to the physical characteristics of the train and to the odometer working conditions
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival
Estimated Time of Arrival (at destination). The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is the time when the train is expected to arrive at a certain place. Estimates can be based on production plans (predictions) and/or stochastic computation.
Means the Estimated time of arrival (of the train at the station)
ETCS - European Train Control System
ETY
ETCS ID type field in a SaPDU
ETCS ID
The ETCS identity of an on-board equipment is made of a single identity number. The ETCS identity of an RBC, balise group, loop or RIU is composed of a country/region identity number and of an identity number within the country/region.
ETCS IDENTITY
ETH
Estimated Time of Handover of a train from one IM to another.
Means the Estimated time of Handover (of a train from one infrastructure manager to another)
ETI
Estimated Time of Interchange of wagons from one RU to another.
Means the Estimated time of Interchange (of the train from one railway undertaking to another)
ETP-OB - European Train Protection On-Board
ETP
Estimated Time of Pick-Up (at arrival intermodal terminal)
EUSPA
EU Agency for the Space Programme
EU Regulations
EU-RailGoverning Board
EU-RailGoverning Board Final decision body, where a decisions are adopted a majority of at least 55% of the votes
EUG - ERTMS Users Group
Euro-norm
EUROBALISE
Balise compliant with the ERTMS/ETCS specification.
EUROLOOP
Loop compliant with the ERTMS/ETCS specification.
ECMT
European Capacity Management Tool
COM
European Commission
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique)
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
European Committee for Standardisation (Comité Européen de Normalisation)
European Committee for Standardization
European Community
EDDP
European DAC Delivery Program
EEIG
European Economic Interest Group.
EGNOS
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service, European satellite navigation system
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
European instruction
An harmonised operational instruction giving a similar content to train drivers across the European Union in order for them to answer in a similar manner to similar situation.
EIRENE
European Integrated Radio Enhanced Network
European Integrated Railway Radio Enhanced Network
European Norm
EPF
European Passengers' Federation
EIM
European Rail Infrastructure Managers
ERRAC
European Rail Research Advisory Council
ERTMS
Signalling and operation management system encompassing ETCS for the Control Command, ATO for the Automatic Train Operation and FRMCS and/or GSM-R for voice and data communication. FRMCS and/or GSM-R are/is used as radio bearer for ETCS and ATO.
European Rail Traffic Management System
EUROPEAN RAIL TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ERA
European Railway Agency
Means the Agency established pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 881/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 establishing a European Railway Agency
European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is a single European signalling and speed control system that ensures interoperability of the national railway systems, reducing the purchasing and maintenance costs of the signalling systems as well as increasing the speed of trains, the capacity of infrastructure and the level of safety in rail transport. ERTMS comprises of the European Train Control System (ETCS), i.e. a cab-signalling system that incorporates automatic train protection, the Global System for Mobile communications for Railways (GSM-R) and operating rules. (ERA definition)
European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is a single European signalling and speed control system that ensures interoperability of the national railway systems, reducing the purchasing and maintenance costs of the signalling systems as well as increasing the speed of trains, the capacity of infrastructure and the level of safety in rail transport. (ERA definition)
European Railway Traffic Management System
ERATV
European Register of Authorised Types of Vehicles
ESC
European Securities Committee
ESA
European Space Agency
European specification
a specification which falls into one of the following categories: — a common technical specification as defined in Annex VIII of Directive 2014/25/EU, — a European technical approval as referred to in Article 60 of Directive 2014/25/EU, or — a European standard as defined in point (b) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012
ESO
European Standardization Organization
ESIF
European Structural and Investment Funds
ETS
European Telecommunication Standard
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETCS
The Control Command part of ERTMS.
European Train Control System
European Train Control System (ETCS) is a cab-signalling system that incorporates automatic train protection. (ERA definition)
European Train Control System (ETCS) is a cab-signalling system that incorporates automatic train protection (ERA definition). ETCS in the frame of SERA will support the following Levels: * L2 with fixed train detection (classic L2 with trackside detection (track circuits, axle-counters, …)) * L2 with hybrid train detection (virtual fixed or moving blocks with trackside detection (axle-counters, …)) – formerly known as Hybrid L3 * L2 with virtual fixed or moving blocks and train integrity (no trackside detection) – formerly known as pure L3
EUROPEAN TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM
ETF
European Transport Workers' Federation
ENISA
European Union Agency for cybersecurity
European Union Agency for Railways (also referred to as Agency)
European Union Agency for Railways
European Union
EVC
European Vital Computer
ERJU
Organisation being tasked with the standardisation in the railway domain at European level.
(Europe’s Rail) Joint Undertaking
Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking
EU-Rail
Europe's Rail
EURORADIO
The functions required, including the message protocols, to provide an acceptably safe communications channel between ERTMS/ETCS trackside and ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment over an open radio network
Evacuation
Evacuation of a train is when all passengers are instructed to leave the train and go on to the infrastructure under the supervision of on-board staff. On-board staff having agreed with the signaller or other responsible infrastructure manager staff, that it is safe to do so.
EVC - European Vital Computer
EDA
Event-driven architecture
Evolution
Evolution is the process of gradually developing, refining or improving parts of the System Pillar Harmonized Operational Processes respectively the System Pillar Reference Architecture (SPRA).
Evolution refers to the gradual development and refinement of a system over time, through a process of adaptation and improvement. Evolution is often driven by the need to to improve system reliability , efficiency, or other key metrics, while addressing new or changing needs and challenges.
Evolvability
Evolvability is the ability to easily adapt to new technologies or to extend the functionality of the CCS system without the involvement of the original supplier.{comment:429}
Exceptional transport
A vehicle and/or the load carried which because of construction/design, dimensions or weight does not meet the parameters of the route and requires special authority for the movement and may require special conditions over part or its entire journey.
Exchange item
Collection of elements brought together during one interaction or one exchange between functions or components (such as data, signal, flows ...). A exchange item carries elements with the same transport conditions, simultanuously with the same non-functional properties.
Exchangeability
Exchangeability is the ability to replace a sub-system from supplier A by a subsystem from supplier B without affecting other sub-systems or the overall system/subsystem and with a reasonable integration effort and/or certification effort. Exchangeability and interchangeability are related to the physical characteristics of sub-systems whereas interoperability is related to interactions between sub-systems (e.g. also between STM and ETCS on-board there is interoperability).
existing rail system
the infrastructure composed of lines and fixed installations of the existing rail network as well as the vehicles of all categories and origins travelling on that infrastructure
EXIT SIGNAL
A main signal that is intended for trains leaving a station.
EXPECTATION WINDOW
The interval between the outer limits to accept a balise group.
XML
Extended Mark-up Language
XQL
Extended Structured Query Language
Extended View View displayed on more than one Display Panel.
extensive disruptions to traffic
extensive disruptions to traffic’ means that train services on a main railway line are suspended for six hours or more
extent of operation
the extent characterised by the number of passengers and/or volume of goods and the estimated size of a railway undertaking in terms of number of employees working in the railway sector (i.e., as a micro, small, medium-sized or large enterprise)
External Button A button which is not directly managed by TDS.
external coupling
The External Diagnostic, Configuration & orchestration Interface I1 (Interface 1) comprises communication-based interfaces between rail systems and central infrastructure components as diagnostics, IT-security services and remote update.
External Diagnostic, Logging, Orchestration and IT Security Interface(s)
fail-safe [821-01-10]
able to enter or remain in a safe state in the event of a failure
FAIL-SAFE
A design philosophy which results in any expected failure maintaining or placing the equipment in a safe state.
able to enter or remain in a safe state in the event of a failure [SOURCE: IEC 60050-821:2017 , 821-01-10]
able to enter or remain in a safe state in the event of a failure [821-01-10 ]
failure cause
set of circumstances that leads to failure Note 1 to entry: A failure cause may originate during specification, design, manufacture, installation, operation or maintenance of an item. [SOURCE: IEC 60050.192:2015, 192-03-11]
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
FMECA
Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis
failure mode
Manner in which failure occurs. Note 1 to entry: A failure mode may be defined by the function lost or other state transition that occurred. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-03-17]
failure rate [821-12-21]
limit of the ratio of the conditional probability that the instant of time, T, of a failure of a product falls within a given time interval (t, t + Δt) and the duration of this interval, Δt, when Δt tends towards zero, given that the item is in an up state at the start of the time interval Note 1 to entry: For applications where distance travelled or number of cycles of operation is more relevant than time then the unit of time can be replaced by the unit of distance or cycles, as appropriate. Note 2 to entry: The term “failure rate” is often used in the sense of “mean failure rate” defined in IEV 192-05-07. [SOURCE: IEC 62278:2002, 3.14, modified]
failure rate
limit of the ratio of the conditional probability that the instant of time, T, of a failure of a product falls within a given time interval (t, t + Δt) and the duration of this interval, Δt, when Δt tends towards zero, given that the item is in an up state at the start of the time interval Note 1 to entry: For applications where distance travelled or number of cycles of operation is more relevant than time then the unit of time can be replaced by the unit of distance or cycles, as appropriate. Note 2 to entry: The term “failure rate” is often used in the sense of “mean failure rate” defined in IEV 192-05-07. [IEC 60050-821, 821-12-21]
limit of the ratio of the conditional probability that the instant of time, T, of a failure of a product falls within a given time interval (t, t + Δt) and the duration of this interval, Δt, when Δt tends towards zero, given that the item is in an up state at the start of the time interval Note 1 to entry: For applications where distance travelled or number of cycles of operation is more relevant than time then the unit of time can be replaced by the unit of distance or cycles, as appropriate. Note 2 to entry: The term “failure rate” is often used in the sense of “mean failure rate” defined in IEV 192-05-07. [821-12-21][IEC 62278:2002, 3.14, modified]
FAILURE
Effect of an error on the intended service.
loss of ability to perform as required Note 1 to entry: A failure of an item is an event that results in a fault of that item: see "fault" (IEV 192-04-01). Note 2 to entry: Qualifiers, such as catastrophic, critical, major, minor, marginal and insignificant, can be used to categorize failures according to the severity of consequences, the choice and definitions of severity criteria depending upon the field of application. Note 3 to entry: Qualifiers, such as misuse, mishandling and weakness, can be used to categorize failures according to the cause of failure. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-03-01]
Fare
Means a charge to be paid for transportation or service
fault, <of an item>
inability to perform as required, due to an internal state Note 1 to entry: A fault of an item results from a failure, either of the item itself, or from a deficiency in an earlier stage of the life cycle, such as specification, design, manufacture or maintenance. See latent fault (192-04-08).{comment:215} Note 2 to entry: Qualifiers, such as specification, design, manufacture, maintenance or misuse, may be used to indicate the cause of a fault. Note 3 to entry: The type of fault may be associated with the type of associated failure, e.g. wear-out fault and wear-out failure. Note 4 to entry: The adjective “faulty” designates an item having one or more faults. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-04-01]
fault correction time
part of active corrective maintenance time taken to perform fault correction [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-14]
FAULT DETECTION TIME
Time span that begins at the instant when a fault occurs and ends when the existence of the fault is detected.
DEPRECATED: undetected fault time time interval between failure and detection of the resulting fault [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-11]
fault localization time
DEPRECATED: fault location time part of active corrective maintenance time taken to complete fault localization [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-18]
FAULT NEGATION TIME
Time span that begins when the existence of a fault is detected and ends when a safe state is enforced.
fault tree
logic diagram showing the faults of sub items, external events, or combinations thereof, which cause a predefined, undesired event [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-11-07]
FAULT
An abnormal condition that could lead to an error in a system. A fault can be random or systematic. (4)
feature summary
The ARCADIA method: * Covers all structured engineering activities, from capturing customer operational needs to system integration verification validation (IVV); * Takes into account multiple engineering levels and their effective collaboration (system, subsystem, software, hardware, etc.); * Integrates co-engineering with specialty engineering (safety, security, performance, interfaces, logistics ...) and IVV; * Provides the ability not only to share descriptive models but also to collaboratively validate properties of the definition and the architecture; * Is field-tested in full-scale industrial applications, and is currently deployed on dozens of major projects in several countries and divisions of Thales.
Feature.
High Level description of system functionality. Are bundled by different "Variants".
FFFIS - Form-Fit Functional Interface Specification
FFFIS
Form, Fit and Function Interface Specification{comment:216}
FFF
Form, Fit and Function
FTP
Protocol to transfer files between computer systems in the TCP/IP network
File Transfer Protocol
filler
an enterprise that loads goods into a tank (including a tank-wagon, wagon with demountable tank, portable tank or tank-container), into a wagon, large container or small container for carriage in bulk, or into a battery-wagon or multiple-element gas container
fire in rolling stock
a fire or explosion that occurs in a railway vehicle (including its load) when it is running between the departure station and the destination, including when stopped at the departure station, the destination or intermediate stops, as well as during re-marshalling operations
AU1
First Authentication message
FIS - Functional Interface Specification
Functional requirements and description of an interface. This clarifies also the functional apportionment and related safety requirements of the two sub-systems of the interface.
FAM
Fixed asset mgmt
FIXED BLOCK
A block in which the extremities of the block sections are at fixed locations. The signalling allows a train to move from one block to the next, normally only when the block ahead is clear.
fixed formation
a train formation that can only be reconfigured within a workshop environment
Fixed nose protection
Dimension between the crossing nose and check rail (see dimension No 2 on Figure 14).
Dimension between the crossing nose and check rail (see dimension No 2 on Figure 14 below).
Fixed Rake of Coaches
a formation of several coaches ‘semi-permanently’ coupled together, or which can be reconfigured only when it is out of service
Flagship Area
Flangeway depth
Dimension between the running surface and the bottom of flangeway (see dimension No 6 on Figure 14).
Dimension between the running surface and the bottom of flangeway (see dimension No 6 on Figure 14 below).
Flangeway width
Dimension between a running rail and an adjacent check or wing rail (see dimension No 5 on Figure 14 below).
failure modes, effects and criticality analysis quantitative or qualitative method of analysis that involves failure modes and effects analysis together with a consideration of the probability of the failure mode occurrence and the severity of the effects Note 1 to entry: The term "fault mode, effects and criticality analysis" in IEC 60050-191:1990 (now withdrawn; replaced by IEC 60050-192:2015) is deprecated, since a fault (192-04-01) is a state and cannot logically have a mode, whereas a failure mode (192-03-17) is a change of state. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-11-06] Note 2 to entry: FMEA is a systematic method of evaluating an item or process to identify the ways in which it might potentially fail, and the effects of the mode of failure upon the performance of the item or process and on the surrounding environment and personnel. Failure modes may be prioritized according to their importance. The prioritization can be based on a ranking of the severity alone, or this can be combined with other measures of importance. When failure modes are prioritized, the process is referred to as failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA).
Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a systematic method of evaluating an item or process to identify the ways in which it might potentially fail, and the effects of the mode of failure upon the performance of the item or process and on the surrounding environment and personnel. Failure modes may be prioritized according to their importance. The prioritization can be based on a ranking of the severity alone, or this can be combined with other measures of importance. When failure modes are prioritized, the process is referred to as failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA).
Follow a trace
A trace (nodes/work items and their links) is a graph that works out one issue (e.g. one requirement) in the most efficient, complete and fast way, down to its operational and system implementation (image: 2-image2.png) Figure {caption:Figure}: Trace for a CBO requirement (red point in the middle) in an ALM System System Levels are just “areas of team responsibilities” for working on parts of the graph * System Level 1 / 2 = teams … = Work item detail level … * System Level 3 = teams … = Work item detail level … * System Level 4 = teams … = Work item detail level … * System Level 5 = teams … = Work item detail level … Assigning a work item to a System Level just means: Assigning them to a team. No good idea: Design every System Level with everything that a real-world system would need. Systems on Level 1-4 are no real-world systems, they just structure the work assignment. Trace Example – just one “branch”: The reality is not puristic, it is like a “neuron-mesh” A. SL2: Requirement “High, scalable, and flexible transport capacity” >> B. SL3: Process “efficient ATP for high density lines” >> C. SL4: Requirement “Precise and frequent localisation” in the train >> D. SL3: Architecture (functions) for a high- performance localisation System >> E. SL5: Interface requirements to deliver a map to the train >> F. SL5: Requirement that Traffic CS delivers a reliable map >> …. Think in “good complete traces”, and do not “fill all System Levels” (!) --> It is just important that “traces are complete, good and correct”, with work items assigned to the right team level --> What System Levels are NOT for: Being the basic scheme for everything * Creating a break-down element on every System Level --> this does not work and requires too much effort * Exception: The work item “system” is broken down on every level, but for example interfaces or logical components only exist in System Level 5) When do we need “completion” on System Levels? Sometimes it is necessary. Example 1: Safety analysis for “Assure that all CCS processes are safe” * All operational processes need to be listed and analysed on System level 3 (OA) * Out of this all traces have to be analysed to understand the hazards and risks But this does not mean that this is also done for System Level 1,2, or 4. Just the operational design team in Task 2 has to do this. Example 2: Systems on System Level 5 (“standard products”) * Complete description how to install and use them (processes) * Complete functional description * Complete system and interface description How to follow “traces” Following a trace means to break down work items more and more. Every breakdown is not necessarily “homogenous”. One breakdown step (indicative): (image: 1-screenshot-20221229-205247.png) A break down step follows this workflow (for the assigned team) * Assess if work item is accepted and makes sense. If not, reject and forward work item to a functional team * Analyse, work out, and refine a work item; change status when finished * Draft and link the derived work items, set status to “proposed” * Propose their assignment to a team * Assigned team accepts or forwards the derived work item to a functional team. How do traces start, how to reach “completeness”? A. New traces start from * Any input of the stakeholders * Common Business Objectives (CBO) * A System Level 2/3 mission and the needed operational capabilities, derived operational scenarios and their operational requirements * Any input inside of the System Pillar team – if a backward linking to CBO or operational missions/capabilities is possible or stakeholder (steering group) agree Completeness is reached if for all of these (decided) inputs a trace down to the implementation exists with a valid trace. B. A trace is valid if * …it is connected up to a decided demand (A.) * …it is connected down to an implementation in operational processes and System Level 5. * … all links between work items of the trace are valid (correct derivation) The status of all traces will be visible at any time via the ALM.
Forecast point
Means a target point for which the forecast is generated. It may relate to arrival, departure, passage or handover
Forecast Time
Best estimate of arrival, departure or passing time of a train.
Forecast
The forecast displays the future state of traffic. It based on the current operational state. The forecast projects the current operational plan into the future. A forecast for each train run under consideration of mutual train influence is processed (train run time, section run time, minimal section run time, detailed topology, headways and train sequence, circulation, connection, etc.).
Means the best estimate of an event (e.g. arrival, departure or passing time of a train)
Foreign rail passenger service
Means a rail passenger service which was purchased by the passenger in a country, but is performed in a country different from the country of purchase
Foreign sale
Means the sale of a train ticket by an issuer which is not (one of) the carrier(s) operating the train where the ticket will be used. The issuer is located in a country different from the country of the carrier(s)
Form Fit Function Interface Specification
FORM FIT FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATION (FFFIS)
A FFFIS is the complete definition of an interface between functional or physical entities. The FFFIS includes: - FIS, - Electrical characteristics related to data, - communication protocol, - plug. The FFFIS guarantees the interoperability but not the exchangeability of physical entities.
A FFFIS is the complete definition of an interface between functional or physical entities. The FFFIS includes: - FIS, - Electrical characteristics related to data, - communication protocol, - and including connector and plug. The FFFIS and accompanying documents (e.g. safety analysis) guarantees the interoperability but not the exchangeability of physical entities, see Subset-037 SPT2ARC-1620.
FORM FIT FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATION
Form-Fit Functional Interface Specification
FFFS
Form-Fit Functional Specification
FORWARD MOVEMENT
A train movement in which the driver is situated in the leading engine and the train is moved in the direction of the train orientation.
FOULING POINT
The place where a vehicle standing on a converging line would come into contact with a vehicle on the other line.
Founding Members
FP - Flagship Projects
FPMH
Failures Per Million Hours{comment:96}
FPMK
Failures Per Million Kilometres{comment:97}
FRMR
FRaMe Reject
framework agreement
a legally binding general agreement under public or private law, setting out the rights and obligations of an applicant and the infrastructure manager in relation to the infrastructure capacity to be allocated and the charges to be levied over a period longer than one working timetable period
Free wheel passage at check rail/wing rail entry
Dimension between the working face of the crossing check rail or wing rail and the gauge face of the running rail opposite across the gauge measured at entry to check rail or wing rail respectively. (see dimensions No 4 on Figure 14). The entry to the check rail or wing rail is the point at which the wheel is allowed to contact the check rail or wing rail.
Dimension between the working face of the crossing check rail or wing rail and the gauge face of the running rail opposite across the gauge measured at entry to check rail or wing rail respectively. (see dimensions No 4 on Figure 14 below). The entry to the check rail or wing rail is the point at which the wheel is allowed to contact the check rail or wing rail.
Free wheel passage at crossing nose
Dimension between the working face of the crossing wing rail and check rail opposite across the gauge (see dimension No 3 on Figure 14).
Dimension between the working face of the crossing wing rail and check rail opposite across the gauge (see dimension No 3 on Figure 14 below).
Free wheel passage in switches
Dimension from the gauge face of one switch rail to the back edge of the opposite switch rail (see dimension No 1 on Figure 14).
Dimension from the gauge face of one switch rail to the back edge of the opposite switch rail (see dimension No 1 on Figure 14 below).
FRMCS - Future Railway Mobile Communication System
FS - Fulling Supervision Mode in ETCS
FSDC
The FS Deployment Configuration comprises all necessary information for deploying the respective Functional System onto specific approved Compartment Execution Environment(s). This configuration is compiled as part of the FS integration process and is part of each integrated, tested and certified/approved Functional System along with its FS Compartments and as all necessary approval documentation.
FS Deployment Configuration
FTA
fault tree analysis deductive analysis using fault trees Note 1 to entry: See also fault tree (192-11-07 SPPRAMSS-4464 - fault tree ). [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-11-08]
The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) deals with the identification and investigation of conditions and influencing variables that lead to or contribute to the occurrence or potentially possible occurrence of a defined main event. For the Fault Tree Analysis, this event is usually the blocking or impairment of system performance, safety or other important operational features
Fulfilment
Means the process which delivers the Product to the customer after its purchase
Full Backwards Compatibility
Full backward compatibility, also known as "complete backward compatibility," refers to a situation in which a newer version of software, hardware, or a system is not only compatible with the previous version but also ensures compatibility with all previous versions and features without exceptions. In other words, any software, data, or hardware that worked with older versions will work seamlessly and without any issues with the new version. With full backward compatibility, users can transition to the latest version with confidence, knowing that they won't encounter any incompatibilities or disruptions. This level of compatibility often requires careful design and testing to ensure that all legacy functionalities and components are supported and function correctly in the newer version.
FDFTO
Full Digital Freight Train Operations
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode giving full protection against overspeed and overrun.
FULL SUPERVISION MODE
FTE
Full Time Equivalent
Full-rate traffic channel
function checkout time
part of active maintenance time taken to complete function checkout [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-16]
FAT
A Functional Application Task implements part of the functionality provided by a Functional Application. Depending on its role in the overall function provided by the Functional Application, it has a specific SIL assigned (in-line with total FA SIL definition). It may run replicated in multiple Compartments as FA Task Replicas.
Functional Application Task
A Functional Application is a comprehensive set of self-contained software functions, assumed to be provided as one product by a single vendor. Depending on its role in the overall function provided by the Functional System, it has a specific SIL (BIL up to SIL4) assigned (in-line with total FS SIL definition).
Functional Application
Functional apportionment
Functional apportionment is the clear assignment of functions to sub-systems. It is an architectural choice supporting the ability to replace a sub-system of supplier A by a subsystem of supplier B both compliant with a given FIS.
Functional Chain
Specific organisation of functions and functional exhcanges, forming one path among the set of all possible paths of system data flows. It describes either an expected behaviour of the system in a given context, or expresses non-functional properties on the path (such as latency, criticality, confidentiality, redundancy ...)
Functional Exchange
possible flow of exchange items between 2 functions through their respective functional ports.
FIS
Functional Interface Specification
FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES SPECIFICATION (FIS)
A FIS specifies the link between functional modules or between physical entities by: - The required external data flow, - The required data characteristics, - The data range and resolution requirements.
FUNCTIONAL MODULE
Set of functions contributing to realize the same global task.
Functional Port
Connection point of one or more functional exchanges allocated to a function, by specifying what the function can provide (output port) and what it must perform (input port) (original definition may be not that accurate).
FRS/FIS
Functional Requirement Specification/Functional Interface Specification
FRS
Functional Requirement Specification
Functional Requirements Specification
Functional Requirements
Functional Requirements specify the functions of the system. What the system has to do in order to achieve the Operational Requirement. They capture and define the sub-purposes of the overall system purpose (given in the operational requirements). Since Functional Requirements specify the functions of the system that are best described as a verb-noun phrase that defines an action on an object.
A Functional System is a comprehensive set of self-contained Compartments, assumed to be provided as one product by a single vendor. Depending on its overall function, it has a specific SIL assigned.
Functional System
Functional Team
A Functional team includes the role owners of the same role. It organizes the work allocation and overall results for that role, including the workflows and working methods. The name of the functional team has a “-F” at the end. The functional teams form a matrix to the organisational units of the SP. If an organisational unit has more persons with the same role, one of them can be delegated to the functional team as a "speaker". Functional teams organise themselves internally. From "outside" (SP processes) the team is addressed as one actor. The worksplit in the functional teams is decided in the team. The functional teams act with the responsibilities and tasks defined by the role it represents. The functional team is lead and moderated by the participant from System Level 1/ (mostly people from the engineering services, see role allocation table). Functional teams decide in consensus, or escalate to the coregroup. Example for the functional Team “REQ-F” (image: 1-Bild_2.png) (image: 2-Grafik_1.png)
Functionality
Function
A function transforms several one or more input values to several one or more output values according to the function’s behaviour. The function’s behaviour is defined by one or multiple functional requirements, defining “what” the function is doing. Additional non-functional requirements attached to the function define the quality attributes of “how” (how safe, how accurate, how fast, how reliable, etc.) the function is performing the transformation. Some non-functional requirements, e.g., on weight constraints or physical dimension constraints), will also be allocated to subsystems.
action, operation or service fulfilled by the system, or by an actor interacting with the system
Funktional team
A Functional team includes the role owners of the same role. It organizes the work allocation and overall results for that role, including the workflows and working methods. The name of the functional team has a “-F” at the end. The functional teams form a matrix to the organisational units of the SP. If an organisational unit has more persons with the same role, one of them can be delegated to the functional team as a "speaker". Functional teams organise themselves internally. From "outside" (SP processes) the team is addressedaddressed as one actor. The worksplit in the functional teams is decided in the team. The functional teams act with the responsibilities and tasks defined by the role it represents. The functional team is lead and moderated by the participant from System Level 1/ (mostly people from the engineering services, see role allocation table). Functional teams decide in consensus, or escalate to the coregroup. Example for the functional Team “REQ-F”
FRMCS
Future Railway Mobile Communication System
FVA - Functional Vehicle Adapter
FWSI
‘fatalities and weighted serious injuries (FWSIs)’ means a measurement of the consequences of significant accidents combining fatalities and serious injuries, where 1 serious injury is considered statistically equivalent to 0,1 fatalities;{comment:98} SPPRAMSS-347 - [2009/460/EC]
GASC
Generic Application Safety Case;SPPRAMSS-334 - [EN 50129:2018/AC:2019-04] {comment:99},SPPRAMSS-335 - [EN 50126-2:2017]
Gateway
Station within the journey of a train with Intermodal units, where the load changes the wagons.
Gauge
Set of rules including a reference contour and its associated calculation rules allowing definition of the outer dimensions of the vehicle and the space to be cleared by the infrastructure.
Set of rules including a reference contour and its associated calculation rules allowing defining the outer dimensions of the vehicle and the space to be cleared by the infrastructure. NOTE: According to the calculation method implemented, the gauge will be a static, kinematic or dynamic
General Conditions of Carriage
Means the conditions of the carrier in the form of general conditions or tariffs legally in force in each Member State and which have become, through the conclusion of the contract of carriage, an integral part of it
General operation
A unit is designed for general operation when the unit is intended to be coupled with other unit(s) in a train formation which is not defined at design stage.
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
Generic workflow types
* Assignment workflow: Unassigned, rejected, or unlinked work items are assigned to a team based on the work item type and system level (done by a functional team, see [2]) * Derivation workflow: The standard workflow, where work items are resolved along the mandatory trace (along the workflow rules), work is moving from team to team, or from team collaboration to team collaboration * Trace change workflow: A change in a trace is analysed up to the highest work item again (done by modelling service, all work items get “suspect”), and from there all derivations are checked, resolved, and approved again (derivation workflow). * Uplink workflow: A set of traces is “connected” to another set. This typically happens, when “external contributions” are imported (e.g. a team that proposes the interfaces of a subsystem). The connection links are created as proposals. For all new connection links a trace change workflow is executed. Redundancies are analysed and eliminated, what again triggers trace change workflows. * Trace analysis workflow: Progress and trace consistency are analysed and reported by the modelling service These workflows are assigned by the team or person, where the triggering work item is assigned to. The trace analysis is done by the modelling service on a frequent basis.
Global price train
Means a train that a passenger can board only having purchased a global price ticket
GSM-R
Global System for Mobile Communications — Rail
Global System for Mobile Communications – Railways
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
GoA - Grade of Automation
GPSC
Generic Product Safety Case; SPPRAMSS-334 - [EN 50129:2018/AC:2019-04] {comment:100},SPPRAMSS-335 - [EN 50126-2:2017]
Granularity
The granularity characterises the level of modularity of a system. The more subsystems a system is composed of, the higher its granularity.
Granularization
The granularization refers to system engineering activity aiming at defining granularity.
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Gross weight of load
Booked/actual total weight (mass) of goods, including packing but excluding the carrier’s equipment.
Ground footprint
The ground footprint of an object moving on the earth is defined as the projection of its volume on the earth ground. Note: This defintion is applicable for collission detection between two ground vehicles moving on the same level.
GSM-R - Global System for Mobile Communications – Railways
Guidance curve
GW - Gateway
Handling point
Station where the RU may change the train composition, but where it remains responsible for the wagons, no change of responsibility.
Handover point
Location of train’s journey or between two paths where the responsibility for planning and/or allocation and/or operation changes from one IM to another. The involved IM assumes the role Planning IM.
Means the point where the responsibility changes from one infrastructure manager to another
Hard Key Physical key not part of view. This key can also have a text label or s...
Hard Key Physical key not part of view. This key can also have a text label or symbol.
The Hardware Abstraction Interface I2 (Interface 2) provides an abstraction of all technology layers above from the specific hardware used below, enabling easy replace ability of commercial of-the-shelf hardware procurable from a well-sized market of hardware vendors. Note: This is not really an interface, but rather a compatibility list of allowed hardware incl. CPU, memory, etc.
Hardware Abstraction Interface
The Hardware Layer contains the actual Physical Computing Elements providing the compute resources to the platform.
Hardware Layer
Harmonisation
Harmonisation includes the options TSI specification (Annex A or Application Guide), Standardisation via ESO, or agreed System Pillar Publication.
harmonised standard
a European standard as defined in point (c) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012
Harmonization
Act or process to make something consistent or compatible. Harmonizing the railway system can include all kinds of technical systems, operations and processes.
Haulage
Transport by road
Hazard
Condition that could lead to an accident Note 1 to entry: The equivalent definition in [IEC 60050-903:2013, 903-01-02] refers to "harm" instead of "accident". Note 2 to entry: A Hazard sits at the boundary of the system under consideration. [ ERA-REC-116-2015-GUI]
A problemativ situation that can occure with a system.
HAZOP
A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a complex planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment. The intention of performing a HAZOP is to review the design to pick up design and engineering issues that may otherwise not have been found. The technique is based on breaking the overall complex design of the process into a number of simpler sections called 'nodes' which are then individually reviewed. It is carried out by a suitably experienced multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP) during a series of meetings. The HAZOP technique is qualitative, and aims to stimulate the imagination of participants to identify potential hazards and operability problems. Structure and direction are given to the review process by applying standardised guide-word prompts to the review of each node. [SOURCE: Wikipedia Hazard and operability study - Wikipedia]
A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a complex planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment. The intention of performing a HAZOP is to review the design to pick up design and engineering issues that may otherwise not have been found. The technique is based on breaking the overall complex design of the process into a number of simpler sections called 'nodes' which are then individually reviewed. It is carried out by a suitably experienced multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP) during a series of meetings. The HAZOP technique is qualitative, and aims to stimulate the imagination of participants to identify potential hazards and operability problems. Structure and direction are given to the review process by applying standardised guide-word prompts to the review of each node.
HBW
The non SI unit for steel hardness defined in the specification referenced in Appendix T, Index [16].
The non SI unit for steel hardness defined in EN ISO 6506-1:2005 Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test. Test method.
Heading.
Chapter title. This is no normal wokitem type, cannot be commented, etc. Is automatically created in documents when a heading is entered.
Health and Safety Conditions
In the context of this Regulation, this refers only to the medical and psychological qualifications required to operate the relevant elements of the subsystem.
heavy maintenance
work that is not carried out routinely as part of day-to-day operations and requires the vehicle to be removed from service
Height of check rail
Height of the check rail above the running surface (see dimension 7 on Figure 14 below).
HFI Activities
HFI Activities are conducted to optimise the effectiveness and efficiency of human performance by fully considering the human contribution to system performance. Human Performance is the observable and measurable behaviour that occurs in job and task situations, the extent to which goals such as speed, accuracy, quality and other criteria are met by people in their work environments. The focus is on the ability of operators and maintainers to meet system performance requirements, including reliability and maintainability, under the conditions in which the system is employed.
HDLC
High level Data Link Control
high speed passenger services
passenger rail services operated without intermediate stops between two places separated at least by a distance of more than 200 km on specially-built high-speed lines equipped for speeds generally equal or greater than 250 km/h and running on average at those speeds
Hirer
Any individual or other legal entity designated as such by the keeper/owner of a wagon.
HMI Component
A Secure Component with a human user interface. Examples of HMI Components are PC Workstation, tablet device, smart phone, device with touch screen,...
HMI Element An HMI Element is a physical component that interacts with the drive...
HMI Element An HMI Element is a physical component that interacts with the driver: Buzzer, Display Panel, loudspeaker, Hard Key...
HRM
Holistic Requirements Model
HOME KMC
The KMC in a KM domain to which trackside and on-board entities belonging to that domain refer for key management.
Hot axle box
An axle box and bearing that has exceeded its maximum designed operating temperature.
HS code
6-digit Code list for products used by customers, identically to the first 6 digits of the CN Code.
HOF
Human and Organizational Factors (lead to workitem SPPR-2246 - Application Condition and perhaps SPPR-2244 - Safety related application conditions)
Human and Organizational Factors
Human Factors
Human factors issues include anything that affects human performance, particularly those factors that may cause or contribute to human error. The main human factors areas include: * Individual (physical size, personal preferences, cognitive skills, attitudes, background) * Organisation (culture, work pattern, communications, supervision, training) * Job (design of equipment, rules and procedures, tools, signage, environment) The purpose of human factors is to minimise safety risk from the possibility of human error by: * ensuring human characteristics are accounted for in the design (or re-design) of new and existing systems and equipment * identifying the issues which may cause or contribute to human errors * conducting activities and applying controls to reduce likelihood and consequences.
HMI
Human Machine Interface
Graphical component to interact with a user e.g., by train graph.
The Human Machine Interface is a physical interface permitting an interaction between a human and the system control. The purpose of this interface is to allow effective operation by the human (ie: acknowledgement for a function) permitting to the machine (computer) to adapt simultanously the behaviour of the control command.
HSI
Human-System Integration, an interdisciplinary approach that aims at optimizing in an early development stage the global system performance by desgining solutions adapted for both human and technical system. HSI studies integrates work from multiple human centered domains - process analysis, both qualitative and quantitatve, ergonomics, safety, survivability, habitability, skill analysis, training. HSI typically help define user interfaces and lead to workitem SPPR-2246 - Application Condition or SPPR-2244 - Safety related application conditions .
Human-System Integration
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Client/server protocol used to connect to servers on the Web
I&A
Identification and Authentication
Identity
An identity acts as an address where algorithms can retrieve detailed information about an object or struct.
IM Entry Point
Section where the CT train leaves the intermodal terminal area and enters the first public IM network
IM Exit Point
Section where the CT train leaves the last public IM network and enters the arrival terminal
Immediate Action Limit
The value which, if exceeded, requires taking measures to reduce the risk of derailment to an acceptable level.
IMMEDIATE LEVEL TRANSITION ORDER
An Immediate Level Transition Order means both a level transition ordered “now” and a level transition ordered at null distance not in relation with in-fill.
Impersonation
Impersonation, in terms of behavior, involves a person or entity imitating or mimicking the actions, mannerisms, or characteristics of another individual or entity. In the context on how this definition is to be understood, a newer system would behave exactly like an older version system of itself, allowing it to interact with older systems/subsystems transparently, by behaving exactly like the older version expected by them. From a software perspective, the different impersonations a system can take could be implemented as independent modules, which would reduce the complexity of each module implementing an specific impersonation, and also limit the side effects of changes or bugs in one module to the others. It could also facilitate the addition of a new version of a system, while still keeping the former version of the system available in a transparent way.
Implementation Requirements
define how a system is to be built in terms of specific technology. These may be specific requirements from the customer about a solution that they require or they may be legislative requirements.
Infrastructure Manager means some body or firm responsible in particular for establishing, managing and maintaining railway infrastructure, including traffic management and control-command and signalling; the functions of the infrastructure manager on a network or part of a network may be allocated to different bodies or firms. Where the infrastructure manager, in its legal form, organisation or decision-making functions, is not independent of any railway undertaking, the functions referred to in Sections 2 and 3 of Chapter IV shall be performed respectively by a charging body and by an allocation body that are independent in their legal form, organisation and decision-making from any railway undertaking. (Directive 2012/34/EU). An IM can assume the roles Responsible IM and/or Planning IM
IN ADVANCE OF
A term indicating a point beyond a specific location on the track, with respect to a given direction.
IN REAR OF
A term indicating a point on the approach to a specific location on the track, with respect to a given direction.
In service value
Value measured at any time after the infrastructure has been placed into service.
Incident Impact Management
Managing the recovery from incidents to normal state of operations.
Incident
any occurrence, other than an accident or serious accident, affecting the safety of railway operations
‘incident’ means any occurrence, other than an accident or serious accident, affecting the safety of railway operations; SPPRAMSS-337 - [Directive (EU) 2016/798]
INDEPENDENCE, TECHNICAL
Freedom from any mechanism which can affect the correct operation of more than one item.
Indication supervision limit
INFILL INFORMATION
Trackside data, referred to a main signal, which is transmitted at locations in rear of the main signal. Provides, for example, the ability to inform a train that the signal ahead has cleared.
INFILL LOOP
A loop which is installed at a place (e.g. in rear of a signal) to avoid unnecessary delay by transmitting in fill information advising the train at once when the signal ahead clears.
INFORMATION POINT
Specific location on the track where information can be transmitted from ERTMS/ETCS trackside to ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment (see also SPOT TRANSMISSION)
IRM
Information Rights Management
infrastructure capacity
the potential to schedule train paths requested for an element of infrastructure for a certain period
Infrastructure inspection vehicles
Infrastructure inspection vehicles are utilised to monitor the condition of the infrastructure. They are operated in the same way as freight or passenger trains, with no distinction between transport and working modes.
Infrastructure manager (IM)
See IM
Infrastructure Manager Operational Area of Control defines the region under the...
Infrastructure Manager Operational Area of Control defines the region under the responsability of only one Infrastructure Manager
Infrastructure Manager
any body or undertaking that is responsible in particular for establishing and maintaining railway infrastructure, or part thereof, as defined in Article 3 of Directive 91/440/EEC, which may also include the management of infrastructure control and safety systems. The functions of the infrastructure manager on a network or on part of a network may be allocated to different bodies or undertakings
As defined in Article 3(2) of Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area (OJ L 343, 14.12.2012, p. 32).
As defined in Article 2h) of Directive 2001/14/EC of 26 February 2001 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the levying of charges for the use of railway infrastructure and safety certification (OJ L 75, 15.3.2001, p. 29).
Means any body or undertaking that is responsible in particular for establishing and maintaining railway infrastructure. This may also include the management of infrastructure control and safety systems. The functions of the infrastructure manager on a corridor or part of a corridor may be allocated to different bodies or undertakings
an infrastructure manager as defined in point (2) of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
any body or firm responsible for the operation, maintenance and renewal of railway infrastructure on a network, as well as responsible for participating in its development as determined by the Member State within the framework of its general policy on development and financing of infrastructure
INF
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1299/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to the ‘infrastructure’ subsystem of the rail system in the European Union
Infrastructure
Initial assessment framework for CCS On-Board Subsystem
The initial assessment framework is the CCS TSI applicable at the beginning of the design phase when the notified body for the CCS on-board Subsystem is contracted by the applicant.
Inner coupling
coupling device between vehicles in order to form a unit composed of several vehicles (e.g. a fixed rake of coaches or a trainset)
IPSE
Innovation Pillar System Experts
Input documents
* Input documents” are for example * Imported documents that are stored as “unstructured” content in the ALM in the first step (no work items created already) * Unstructured documents that are step by step converted to documents with structured work items * A model or model sketch from another modelling system, that is not compliant or convertible to SP modelling method/system, created as input document with concrete Polarion work items in the status “proposal”. These are seen as input sketches and are added manually into the SP modelling system using the correct method and modelling process * ALM documents in which new work items are created in a free structure and sequence (workflow designed in the domains) * Input documents are not used as formal deliverable (because they are created manually and may not contain all work items in a certain scope), but they can be used as background documentation. * The differentiation of input and output documents allows to create input documents along the needs of the workflows – having “things at one place where the team is currently working” – without the constraint to structure or “sort” it as a formal output (image: 1-screenshot-20221230-141047.png)
INSERTION (of a new message)
An attack in which a new message is being implanted into the stream of messages.
INS
An Instance is a specific realization of any entity.
Instance
IRT
Means a kind of train ticket restricted to a specific train on a specific date/time. A IRT ticket can only be sold by means of an online transaction between the sales terminal and the attributing system where the relevant train is hosted
Integrated Reservation Tickets
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
Integration Task
* Combine elements, validate/test whole system behaviour, implement/commission * Right side of CENELEC “V”
Integration
Integration is to combine current and/or new systems with a known behaviour to a larger system with a target behaviour. For any country migrating or upgrading their system(s) ‘integration’ is an important consideration to ensure the whole railway operates in a safe and reliable manner.
Integrity
Integrity: property of accuracy and completeness (source: ISO 27000-2018 )
Interchange between Carriers
Means the transfer of control from one railway undertaking to another for practical operational, safety and liability reasons. Examples are: — successive railway undertakings, — trains with substitute carriers, — the transfer of information between different railway undertakings
Interchange point
Location of train’s journey or of a path where the transfer of responsibility for the whole train from one Responsible RU to another Responsible RU takes place.
Means the location where the control of the train is transferred from one railway undertaking to another railway undertaking Regarding a train running, the train is taken over from one railway undertaking by the other railway undertaking, which now owns the path for the next section of the journey
Interchangeability
Interchangeability is the ability to replace a subsystem from supplier A by a sub-system from supplier B without affecting other sub-systems or the overall system/subsystem and without any integration effort (lowest reasonable integration effort){comment:1295} and without any need for recertification. Exchangeability and interchangeability are related to the physical characteristics of sub-systems whereas interoperability is related to interactions between subsystems (e.g. also between STM and ETCS on-board there is interoperability).
Interchange
The Transfer of control from one railway undertaking to another for practical operational and safety reasons. Examples are: — Mixed services, — Services with shared haulage responsibility, — The transfer of information between different railway administrations, — The transfer of information between wagon owners/keepers and train operators.
Interface
With an interface the sub-systems of different suppliers{comment:1296} are combined.
Based on ISO/IEC 2382, a shared boundary between two systems or subsystems, defined by various characteristics pertaining to the functions, physical signal exchanges, and other characteristics.
a means provided or required by components for an interaction between them or with actors
IXL
A general term applied to the controlling of the setting and releasing of “signals” and “points” to prevent unsafe conditions arising, and equipment which performs this function.
Interlocking is a set of signaling devices which physically materializes, in the area of action of a switch post (junction, crossing of tracks, etc.) throught mechanical, and / or electrical solutions . It allows train movement if the safety conditions have been met regarding train maneuver and signal control devices. (double. needs to be deleted)
Interlocking is a set of signaling devices which physically materializes, in the area of action of a switch post (junction, crossing of tracks, etc.) throught mechanical, and / or electrical solutions . It allows train movement if the safety conditions have been met regarding train maneuver and signal control devices.
INTERLOCKING
intermediate coupling
Intermediate point
Location which defines a point of a train’s journey or path between its start (origin) or end (destination) point.
Means the location which defines the start or end point of a journey section. This may be an interchange, handover or handling point, for example
INTERMITTENT TRANSMISSION
A term that encompasses “SPOT TRANSMISSION” and “SEMI-CONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION”.
Intermodal Loading Unit
Containers, swap bodies and semi-trailers suitable for combined transport
Intermodal Service Integrator
Any body or undertaking, which has the contract with customers for the transport of Intermodal units. He is preparing waybills, managing capacity on block trains etc.
Intermodal terminal
Location which provides the space, equipment and operational environment under which the loading units (freight containers, swap bodies, semi-trailers or trailers) transfer takes place.
Intermodal transport
The movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or vehicle, which uses successively several modes of transport without handling of the goods themselves in changing modes.
Internal Button The Internal Button is a button which is managed directly by TDS...
Internal Publication
Any work product that is not required to be submitted in order to complete a process, phase, or project. An input or output of a task that does not cross the process boundaries.
UITP
The International Association of Public Transport
International Association of Public Transport
INCOSE
International Council on Systems Engineering
IEC
International Electro-technical Commission
International Electrotechnical Commission
international freight service
a transport service where the train crosses at least one border of a Member State; the train may be joined and/or split and the different sections may have different origins and destinations, provided that all wagons cross at least one border
International journey
Means a passenger journey by rail crossing the border of at least one Member State
ISO
International Organisation for Standardisation
International Organization for Standardization
international passenger service
a passenger service where the train crosses at least one border of a Member State and where the principal purpose of the service is to carry passengers between stations located in different Member States; the train may be joined and/or split, and the different sections may have different origins and destinations, provided that all carriages cross at least one border
International rail passenger service
Means a rail passenger service which crosses a border of at least one Member State
International sale
Means the sale of a train ticket for an international journey
International Standardisation Organisation
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
UIC
International Union of Railways (Union Internationale des Chemins de fer)
International union of railways
UIP
International Union of Wagon Keepers
Internet Protocol
interoperability constituents
any elementary component, group of components, subassembly or complete assembly of equipment incorporated or intended to be incorporated into a subsystem, upon which the interoperability of the rail system depends directly or indirectly, including both tangible objects and intangible objects
the interoperability constituents as defined in point (7) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2016/797
INTEROPERABILITY CONSTITUENT
Any elementary component, group of components, subassembly or complete assembly of equipment incorporated or intended to be incorporated into a subsystem, upon which the interoperability of the rail system depends either directly or indirectly. The concept of a constituent covers both tangible objects and intangible objects such as software. (1)
Means any elementary component, group of components, subassembly or complete assembly of equipment incorporated or intended to be incorporated into a subsystem upon which the interoperability of the trans-European rail system directly or indirectly depends. The concept of a constituent covers both tangible objects and intangible objects, such as software
INTEROPERABILITY, OPERATIONAL
The set of harmonised operating rules that enables interoperability.
INTEROPERABILITY, TECHNICAL
The set of harmonised technical requirements that enables interoperability. The ERTMS/ETCS specification defines the requirements for technical interoperability.
INTEROPERABILITY
Interoperability means the ability to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains that accomplish the specified levels of performance. (1)
the ability of a rail system to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains which accomplish the required levels of performance
Interoperability means the ability to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains that accomplish the specified levels of performance.Reference to the TSI (European Regulation) would be good to understand the importance (double. needs to be deleted)
Interoperability means the ability to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains that accomplish the specified levels of performance, see [Subset-023] SPT2ARC-1619 and [IOP-Dir 2016/797] SPT2ARC-1617 so that a train is able to run across different infrastructure networks (IMs) and that an infrastructure network is able to interact with trains of different Railway Undertakings, using systems/sub-systems from different origins. Exchangeability and interchangeability are related to the physical characteristics of sub-systems whereas interoperability is related to interactions between subsystems (e.g. also between STM and ETCS on-board there is interoperability).
Interoperable wheelchair transportable by train
An interoperable wheelchair transportable by train is a wheelchair the characteristics of which permit the full usage of all features of rolling stock designed for wheelchair users. The characteristics of an interoperable wheelchair transportable by train are within the limits specified in Appendix M.
Intersection point (IP)
Theoretical intersection point of the running edges at the centre of the crossing (see Figure 2).
Intervention Limit
The value, which, if exceeded, requires corrective maintenance in order that the immediate action limit shall not be reached before the next inspection;
INTERVENTION
Where ERTMS/ETCS takes control from the driver by cutting traction power or applying the full service brake and cutting traction power or applying the emergency brake and cutting traction power.
investigation
a process conducted for the purpose of accident and incident prevention which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of conclusions, including the determination of causes and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations
investigator-in-charge
a person responsible for the organisation, conduct and control of an investigation
ISMS
Information Security Management System
Isolated defect
A discrete track geometry fault.
When the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment is disconnected from the vehicle braking system. Isolation is indicated to the driver.
ISOLATION MODE
Issuer
Means an undertaking selling the ticket and receiving payment. May be a carrier and/or a distributor. The issuer is the undertaking indicated on the ticket with its code and possibly its logo
Issue.
A problem description to be solved in the specification. Can also be an open question, or a generic question, or a point on an agenda.
Journey planner
Means an IT system able to propose journey solutions A journey solution is a set of one or more commercial transport services answering at least the question ‘How can I go from location A to location B at a given departure/arrival date And time?’. The question could contain more complex additional criteria, such as ‘in the fastest way’, ‘in the cheapest way’, ‘with no changes’, etc. The passenger can build the journey solutions by him/herself, consulting different information sources, or the solution can be offered to him/her by a journey Planner
Journey section
Is the part of the journey which takes place on an infrastructure sector of an infrastructure manager or Part of the journey from the entry handover point to the exit handover point of the infrastructure of an infrastructure manager.
Journey
A ‘journey’ denotes the spatial forwarding of a train or of a loaded or empty wagon from the forwarding station to the destination station.
Means the movement of a passenger (or several passengers travelling together) from a location A to a location B
JP - Journey Profile
JURIDICAL DATA
Data to record all actions and exchanges relating to the movement of trains sufficient for off line analysis of all events leading to an incident.
Keeper
The person, who being the owner or having the right to dispose of it, exploits a vehicle economically in a permanent manner as a means of transport and is registered as such in the Rolling Stock Register.
Means the person who, being the owner of a vehicle or having the right to use it, exploits such vehicle economically in a permanent manner as a means of transport and is registered as such in the Rolling Stock Register
the natural or legal person that, being the owner of a vehicle or having the right to use it, exploits the vehicle as a means of transport and is registered as such in a vehicle register referred to in Article 47 of Directive (EU) 2016/797
the natural or legal person that, being the owner of a vehicle or having the right to use it, exploits the vehicle as a means of transport and is registered as such in a vehicle register referred to in Article 47
KERNEL
The core of the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment.
Key Controller Controller which manages states and failures of Hard Keys (intern...
Key Controller Controller which manages states and failures of Hard Keys (internal and Lateral Key) and switches.
KMC
The entity responsible for key management functions in a KM domain.
KEY MANAGEMENT CENTRE
KMS
The set of entities and operational procedures taking part in the key distribution system.
KEY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The generation, storage, secure distribution, deletion, archiving and application of key entries in accordance with the security policy in a KM domain.
KEY MANAGEMENT
KEY VALIDITY PERIOD
The specific timespan during which a key is valid.
KEY
A predefined component or information necessary to be able to encrypt data or interpret encrypted data.
KM DOMAIN
One KMC (Home KMC) and all the on-boards, RBCs and RIUs using that KMC for key management purposes.
KER
KVB, Ebicab, RSDD
LRBG
The LRBG is the last balise group marked as linked encountered by the train, whose message is accepted by the ERTMS/ETCS on-board. It is used as a common location reference between the ERTMS/ETCS on-board and trackside equipment.
LAST RELEVANT BALISE GROUP
Lateral deviation
Lateral stagger of contact wire in maximum crosswind.
Lateral Key Hard Key located close to a Display Area allowing soft key technolog...
Lateral Key Hard Key located close to a Display Area allowing soft key technology.
Layout Controller The Layout Controller manages the Layout for an Area.
Layout Element Controller The Layout Element Controller managesLayout Elements o...
Layout Element Controller The Layout Element Controller managesLayout Elements of a Layout. It knows how to present itself and how to react on events.
Layout Engine The Layout Engine is a generic piece of software able to generate...
Layout Engine The Layout Engine is a generic piece of software able to generate any View based on Areas, Layouts and Layout Elements as defined in a configuration.
Layout Layout is a list of layout elements which is displayed in an area.
LRU
Applicant/RU, which is responsible to organise and manage the transport line according to the customer’s commitment. It is the single point of contact for the customer. If more than one Railway Undertaking is involved in the transport chain, the LRU is responsible for the coordination of the various Railway Undertakings on the harmonization of train’s journey including the various path requests.
Lead Railway Undertaking
LEADING ENGINE
The engine in which a driving cab is used to control the movement of a train/shunting consist, under the supervision of the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment associated with the driving cab.
Length of train
Total length of all vehicles over buffers including locomotive(s)
LCL
Less than Container Loads
LEVEL 0 AREA
Trackside area in which level 0 operation is supported.
LEVEL 0
A level of ERTMS/ETCS defined to cover instances when the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment is operating in an area where the trackside is neither fitted with operational ERTMS/ETCS equipment nor fitted with operational National System
LEVEL 1 AREA
Trackside area in which level 1 operation is supported.
LEVEL 1
A level of ERTMS/ETCS overlaid onto conventional line side signalling that uses Eurobalises / Euroloop / Radio Infill to pass movement authorities to the train whilst relying on conventional means to determine train position and integrity.
LEVEL 2 AREA
Trackside area in which level 2 operation is supported.
LEVEL 2
A level of ERTMS/ETCS that uses radio to pass movement authorities to the train. Train reported position and integrity may be used to determine the parts of the track that are occupied by the train.
Level access
A level access is an access from a platform to the doorway of a rolling stock for which it can be demonstrated that: — The gap between the door sill of that doorway (or of the extended bridging plate of that doorway) and the platform does not exceed 75 mm measured horizontally and 50 mm measured vertically and — The rolling stock has no internal step between the door sill and the vestibule.
level crossing accident
any accident at level crossings involving at least one railway vehicle and one or more crossing vehicles, other crossing users such as pedestrians or other objects temporarily present on or near the track if lost by a crossing vehicle or user
level crossing user
any person using a level crossing to cross the railway line by any means of transport or by foot
An intersection at the same elevation of a road and one or more rail tracks
any level intersection between a road or passage and a railway, as recognised by the infrastructure manager and open to public or private users. Passages between platforms within stations are excluded, as well as passages over tracks for the sole use of employees
Level crossing
LEVEL NTC AREA
Trackside area in which level NTC operation is supported.
LEVEL NTC
A level of ERTMS/ETCS that allows the supervision of the train with an existing National Train Control system.
LEVEL TRANSITION ANNOUNCEMENT
A Level Transition Announcement means both a level transition ordered for a further location and a level transition ordered at null distance transmitted as in-fill information
LEVEL TRANSITION BORDER
A location where the list of levels supported by the trackside changes.
LEVEL TRANSITION INFORMATION
This term is used for both Level Transition Order and Conditional Level Transition Order.
LEVEL TRANSITION ORDER
This term is used for both Immediate Level Transition Order and Level Transition Announcement.
LEVEL
Contracted form of APPLICATION LEVEL
Lexical Glossary
either imported from outside the project or authored inside the project, lexical glossaries are the containers for lexical entiries and abbreviations. A lexical glossary is first consolidated by its glossary author in its own scope, i.e. its definitions shall not be redundant with each other. It is then consolidated towards other glossaries. This glossary is then called SPPR-5441 - Missing cross-reference. Lexical glossaries are the source of the lexical definitons and abbreviations referred to in SPPR-5434 - Refering document.
licence
an authorisation issued by a licensing authority to an undertaking, by which its capacity to provide rail transport services as a railway undertaking is recognised; that capacity may be limited to the provision of specific types of services
licensing authority
the body responsible for granting licences within a Member State
LIFECYCLE COST (SYSTEM)
The sum of the costs sustained or to be sustained for performing and appropriately supporting the activities occurring in the context of the operational parts of the System Lifecycle.
LIFECYCLE (SYSTEM)
The activities occurring during a period of time that starts when a system is conceived and ends at decommissioning when the system is no longer available for use. (See Reference 3)
light rail
an urban and/or suburban rail transport system with a crashworthiness of C-III or C-IV (in accordance with EN 15227:2011) and a maximum strength of vehicle of 800 kN (longitudinal compressive force in coupling area); light rail systems may have their own right of way or share it with road traffic and usually do not exchange vehicles with long-distance passenger or freight traffic
LOA
The place beyond which the train has no information but to which the train is authorised to run with a defined target speed higher than zero. The train is expected to receive new information before passing the Limit of Authority.
LIMIT OF AUTHORITY
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode giving partial protection against over speed and over run. The driver has to observe and obey to line side signals and operating rules when in limited supervision mode.
LIMITED SUPERVISION MODE
line km
the length measured in kilometres of the railway network in Member States, whose scope is laid down in Article 2. For multiple-track railway lines, only the distance between origin and destination is to be counted.
LEU
A device for communicating variable signalling data to switchable balises.
LINE SIDE ELECTRONIC UNIT
LINE SIDE EQUIPMENT
see Trackside Equipment.
Line speed
Maximum speed for which a line has been designed.
Maximum speed measured in kilometres per hour for which a line has been designed
LUC
Line Under Construction
LINE
A continuous section of railway track.
LAPB
Link Access Protocol Balanced
LINKING DISTANCE
The distance between announced balise groups.
LINKING INFORMATION
Data defining the distance between groups of balises, their identity and orientation, and the action to be taken if an announced balise group is not detected within given limits (EXPECTATION WINDOW).
LINKING
A functionality to protect against missing data from BALISE GROUPS by announcing them in advance through LINKING INFORMATION and by checking whether they have been read within a certain EXPECTATION WINDOW
loader
an enterprise which loads packaged goods, small containers or portable tanks into or onto a wagon or a container, or which loads a container, bulk-container, multiple-element gas container, tank-container or portable tank onto a wagon
LOC-OB - Localisation On-Board
LOCAL TIME
The time for ordinary transactions in a locality, which is likely to be shown on station clocks.
Localisation
Determines the position of the train within the track network, using for example topological coordinates.
LOCATION ITEM
Classification of an individual location based information (i.e. the location of Location data or one of the locations of Profile data) as "estimated", "min" or "max" location item. An individual location based information may be classified as one, two or three location items.
Loco ID
Means the unique identification number of a traction unit
LOC&PAS
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1302/2014 of 18 November 2014 concerning a technical specification for interoperability relating to the ‘rolling stock — locomotives and passenger rolling stock’ subsystem of the rail system in the European Union
Locomotives and passenger rolling stock
Locomotive
a traction vehicle (or combination of several vehicles) that is not intended to carry a payload and has the ability to be uncoupled in normal operation from a train and to operate independently
Logical actor
external entity (human, system, ...) interacting with the logical components of the system of interest through their interfaces
Logical Architectur Concept
Logical Component
An aggregation of logical functions that together fulfil a very specific task. Logical components are not yet allocated to a specific location kind (trackside or onboard) nor do they have any physical properties or requirements (like space requirements, permitted temperature ranges, etc.). Logical components are also only connected via FIS and not via FFFIS interfaces. Logical components or part of their logical functions are allocated to subsystems to define the subsystem behaviour.
conceptual element being part of the system, contributing to its behaviour, by interacting with other logical components and logical actors
Logical Functional Chain
an ordered collection of behavioural exchanges transmitting one or several logical functional exchanges
Logical Function
A function derived during logical architecture by splitting a system function.
Logical/Physical Relationships
logistic delay
delay, excluding administrative delay, incurred for the provision of resources needed for a maintenance action to proceed or continue. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-07-13]
LOOP MESSAGE FORMAT
The format for transmitting data by a loop.
LTM
A module (inside the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment), which retrieves application data from a loop.
LOOP TRANSMISSION MODULE
LOOP
Track mounted device for the transmission of data between track-to-train within a defined area.
Track, connected to the main track, used for passing, crossing and stabling.
Loudspeaker Device that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding...
Loudspeaker Device that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.
LSSMA
Lowest Supervised Speed within the Movement Authority
See Lead Railway Undertaking
LR is a collective term for L2 and L3 in the new CCS TSI 2022 (not yet officially issued) B4 R1.
LTM - Loop Transmission Module
LWG - Localisation Working Group
MACMT
mean active corrective maintenance time expectation of the active corrective maintenance time [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-07-22]
MAD
mean administrative delay. Expectation of the administrative delay. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-26]
MAIN SIGNAL
A fixed signal intended for train movements capable of showing a ‘danger aspect’ and one or more ‘proceed aspects’. In some cases main signals at danger are valid for shunt movements.
maintainability, <of an item>
Ability to be retained in, or restored to, a state to perform as required, under given conditions of use and maintenance Note 1 to entry: Given conditions would include aspects that affect maintainability, such as: location for maintenance, accessibility, maintenance procedures and maintenance resources. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-01-27] Source: SPPRAMSS-349 - [EN 50126-1:2017]
MAINTAINABILITY
The probability that a given active maintenance action, for an item under given conditions of use can be carried out within a stated time interval when the maintenance is performed under stated conditions and using stated procedures and resources. (3) (Definitions for other maintenance related terms are given in reference 3).
Ability to be retained in, or restored to, a state to perform as required, under given conditions of use and maintenance [EN50126] SPT2ARC-1616 .{comment:1297}
Maintenance Costs
Costs for maintaining the railway system
Maintenance file
Elements of the technical file relating to conditions and limits of use and instructions for maintenance.
maintenance of the railway infrastructure
works intended to maintain the condition and capability of existing infrastructure
Maintenance Operator is the person in charge of applying the maintenance documents containing the maintenance constraints to repare the train if a default occurs, detected in commercial service, during tests or during train preparation. It role is also to apply preventive maintenance to improve the commercial service.
Maintenance Operator
Maintenance plan
A series of documents setting out the infrastructure maintenance procedures adopted by an Infrastructure Manager.
Make available
Means the publishing of information or data where access control may be applied
MALFUNCTION
A deviation from the specified performance causing the system to work incorrectly. This is normally due to an error or fault in the system.
MITM
Man-in-the-middle attack
management board
the senior body of an undertaking performing executive and administrative functions, which is responsible and accountable for day-to-day management of the undertaking
Management by traceability (KANBAN based)
A trace (nodes/work items and their links) is a graph that works out one issue (e.g. one requirement) in the most efficient, complete and fast way, down to its operational and system implementation (image: 1-image10.png)
Management
Mandatory feature
The feature has to be provided by on-board and/or trackside equipment where interoperability is required.
Mandatory parameter
MANDATORY
When it is compulsory to fulfil and to implement a requirement to realise a technically interoperable standard for the ERTMS/ETCS equipment or system.
Manifest on list
Means a fulfilment method where the customer makes its purchase in advance (e.g. at home) and receives only a confirmation, usually with a reference code. The undertaking performing this kind of sale provides the TCO with a list of all passengers (and reference codes) admitted on the specific train. The passenger simply manifests his/her desire to be admitted on the train before/after departure at the TCO. TCO checks whether the passenger is allowed to embark/stay on the train
MANUAL LEVEL CHANGE
Level transition initiated by the driver.
manufacturer
the manufacturer as defined in point (36) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2016/797
any natural or legal person who manufactures a product in the form of interoperability constituents, subsystems or vehicles, or has it designed or manufactured, and markets it under his name or trademark
Market price
See Global price
Master Data
Master data represents "data about the business entities that provide context for business transactions".
MAX SAFE ANTENNA POSITION
The max safe antenna position differs from the max safe front end of the train by the distance between the active Eurobalise antenna and the end of the engine according to the train orientation plus, only in Supervised Manoeuvre mode, the max safe consist length in front of/in rear of the engine, depending on whether the train orientation is the same as/opposite to the active cab respectively
MAX SAFE FRONT END
The maximum safe front end position differs from the estimated position by the Under-reading Amount in the distance measured from the LRBG/ORBG plus the Location Accuracy of the LRBG/ORBG plus, when relevant, the difference between the max safe consist length and nominal consist length in front of/in rear of the engine, depending on whether the train orientation is the same as/opposite to the active cab respectively
MAY
Is permissible.
This word, or the adjective ‘OPTIONAL’, means that an item is truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item. An implementation, which does not include a particular option, MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation, which does include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the same vein an implementation, which does include a particular option, MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation, which does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the option provides).
MBSE - Model-based System Engineering
MDBF
Mean Distance Between Failures [SOURCE: Wikipedia Mean Distance Between Failure – Wikipedia]
MDBSF
Mean Distance Between Service Failures [SOURCE: Wikipedia Mean Distance Between Failure – Wikipedia]
MDCM - Multi-Dimensional Configuration Management
MDS - Multi Display System
Mean contact force
Statistical mean value of the contact force
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
Mean time between failure
Mean useful voltage train
Voltage identifying the dimensioning train and enables the effect on its performance to be quantified
Mean useful voltage zone
Voltage giving an indication of the quality of the power supply in a geographic zone during the peak traffic period in the timetable
MOE
Measure of Effectiveness (that the system performs as required). Characteristics: * Relates to performance * Objective * Simple to state * Testable * Complete * Clear * States any time dependency * States any environmental conditions * Can be measured quantitatively (if required, may be measured statistically or as a probability) * Easy to measure * Select only MoEs that measure the degree to which the desired outcome is achieved * Use the same MoEs to measure more than one condition when appropriate * Structure so that they have measurable, collectible, and relevant indicators * Write as statements (not questions) * Maximize clarity
Measure of Effectiveness
MOP
Measure of Performance. (one aspect of MOE)
Measure of Performance
MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION CODE (MAC)
An authenticator which is sent with a message to enable the receiver to detect alterations made to the message since it left the sender and to verify that the source of the message is as claimed. The MAC is a function of the whole message and a secret key.
Code to provide data origin authentication and data integrity.
MAC
Message Authentication Code
MD5
Message Digest Method 5
MTI
Message Type Identifier
message
The combination of application data and protocol data that is transmitted by balise group, loop or radio to a train or from the train to trackside by radio.
Metadata
Simply put, is data about data. It describes data, software services, and other components contained in the enterprise information systems. Examples of the types of metadata include standard data definitions, location and routing information, and synchronisation management for distributing shared data.
This term simply means data about data. It describes data, software services, and other components contained in the enterprise information systems. Examples of the types of Metadata include standard data definitions, location and routing information, and synchronisation management for distributing shared data
Methodology
A collection of related processes, methods, and tools.
The ARCADIA method is used to identify functional chains, their overlapping scenarios and desired performance, along with their support by the architecture. * Starting with the first level of system analysis, they ensure traceability throughout the process definition and check each proposed architectural design against expected performance and constraints. * The non-functional properties expected from the system solution are also formalized in 'viewpoints'. Each viewpoint captures constraints that the system should face or meet (feared events, security threats, latency expectations, product line or reuse constraints, power consumption or cost issues, and more). * Then the architecture model is automatically analyzed to verify that it meets these constraints, thanks to dedicated expert rules (performance computation, resource consumption, safety or security barriers, etc.). This analysis can be done very early in the development cycle, detecting design issues as soon as possible ("early validation"). As a summary, the approach to characterization by views (or "viewpoints") cross-checks that the proposed architecture is capable of providing the required functions with the desired level of performance, security, dependability, mass, scalability, environments, mass, interfaces, etc. ensuring the consistency of engineering decisions, because all engineering stakeholders share the same engineering information, and can apply his/her own views and checks to them, so as to secure the common definition.
Method
A technique for performing a task. Method is a grouping of guidance, modelling{comment:72} language, rules, techniques and patterns. Different methods may be available for the same task. It defines the “HOW” of each task. (In this context, the words “method,” “technique,” “practice,” and “procedure” are often used interchangeably.) At any level, process tasks are performed using methods.
MFDT
mean fault detection time [SOURCE: SPPRAMSS-3539 - [EN 61703: 2016]]
Microphone Controller The Microphone Controller manages states and signals of Mi...
Microphone Controller The Microphone Controller manages states and signals of Microphone.
Microphone Device that translates sound vibrations from the air into electronic...
Microphone Device that translates sound vibrations from the air into electronic signals and scribes them to a recording medium or over a loudspeaker.
Microservices
MID - Mission Data
Migrateability / Scalability
The property of a system to allow changes to one or multiple building blocks, without affecting other building blocks or the overall system.{comment:144}
Migration Plateau
A Migration Plateau is a plateau used as target for a migration process.{comment:11}{comment:13}
Migration
Migration is the national or company specific process of converting existing CCS/TMS systems including operational processes to corresponding systems and processes of the harmonized System Pillar Reference Architecture (SPRA).
Migration is the process or act of migrating (move from one part of something to another). In the context of CCS and TMS, migrating is the process of changing from the existing national CCS and TMS systems, currently in use in different European countries or on different infrastructures and moving to the target CCS and TMS architecture with Harmonised Operating Processes.
MIN SAFE ANTENNA POSITION
The min safe antenna position differs from the min safe front end of the train by the distance between the active Eurobalise antenna and the end of the engine according to the train orientation plus, only in Supervised Manoeuvre mode, the min safe consist length in front of/in rear of the engine, depending on whether the train orientation is the same as/opposite to the active cab respectively
MIN SAFE FRONT END
The minimum safe front end position differs from the estimated position by the Over-reading Amount in the distance measured from the LRBG/ORBG plus the Location Accuracy of the LRBG/ORBG plus, when relevant, the difference between the min safe consist length and nominal consist length in front of/in rear of the engine, depending on whether the train orientation is the same as/opposite to the active cab respectively
Minimum contact wire height
A minimum value of the contact wire height in the span in order to avoid the arcing between one or more contact wires and vehicles in all conditions
MOT
Ministry of Transportation
MINOR FAILURE
see Failure, Minor
Mission Assignment
SPT2OD-4976 - Missing cross-reference refers to the portion of a SPT2OD-4965 - Missing cross-reference SPT2OD-4977 - Missing cross-reference which is assigned to a SPT2OD-4967 - Missing cross-reference
MISSION, ETCS
Any train movement started under the supervision of an ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment in one the following modes: FS, LS, SR, OS, SM, NL, UN, or SN. The ETCS mission is ended when any of the following modes is entered: SB, SH, NP
MISSION
An objective description of the fundamental task to be performed by a system. (3)
MLD
mean logistic delay. Expectation of the logistic delay. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-27]
MNID
MNID list is a list of Mobile Network IDs.
MORANE
Mobile Radio for Railway Networks in Europe
mobile subsystem
the rolling stock subsystem and the on-board control-command and signalling subsystem
Mobile Termination
Mode&State Concept
Mode Machine
a collection of modes connected by transitions
Mode Transition
A change of mode toward itself or toward another mode. A transition is characterised by a trigger which can be a boolean condition applied on certain model elements, such as functional exchanges.
MBSE
Model based System Engineering
Model synchronisation
* There are two types of synchronisations: * A copy of all MBSE models is stored in the ALM. The copied work items can be part of the ALM workflow or can be approved, decided, commented and linked in the ALM. * Synchronisation between “mother LA/PA” and “daughter LA/PA” in the MBSE platform. These are done to split architecting work to different teams. * Example (start situation for the SP): (image: 1-Picture_1.png)
MODE
An operating state of the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment with a specified split of operational responsibilities between the ERTMS/ETCS system and the driver.
Kind of system behaviour that is expected in given usage conditions. Modes can be applied to elements such as actors and components.
MODIFICATION (of a message)
Any unauthorised change of any part of a message.
Modularity
Modularity is used in this document as a general term for dividing a system/sub-system/module in sub-systems/modules.
The property of a system being composed of a coherent whole of single, independent building blocks or modules.
Module
{comment:34} A module is a sourceable unit of the CCS system (hardware and/or software), having full defined functionality, interface, performance, safety. {comment:180}
MRDT
Most Relevant Displayed Target
MRSP
The speed which a train must not exceed. It is the lowest speed taking into account all the various speed profiles.
MOST RESTRICTIVE SPEED PROFILE
MOTBF
mean operating time between failures expectation of the duration of the operating time between failures Note 1 to entry: Mean operating time between failures should only be applied to repairable items. For non-repairable items, see mean operating time to failure (192-05-11) SPPRAMSS-4040 - MTTF . [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-05-13]
moveable step
retractable device integrated into the vehicle lower than the door threshold level, fully automatic and activated in conjunction with the door opening/closing sequences.
Permission for a train to run to a specific location within the constraints of the infrastructure.
MOVEMENT AUTHORITY
Movement Protection Area
The area in the trackside which shall AFARP be secured for the intended movement. Note that this also means that as the train is moving, should anything amiss be detected, than a safety reaction would be expected (topic to be detailed at a later date). Note as a representation, it is equivalent to the dimensions of the complete path from the front of the train{comment:65} up to the end point of the authorised movement.
MOVING BLOCK
A block whose length is defined by the position of the train occupying the section of track ahead. The minimum block length would be from the rear most part of the occupying train to a point on the track where, if the train braked from its current speed, the front of the occupying train would be when the train came to a stand.
Moving block is based on the principle of spacing trains in absolute braking distance. In a moving block system, the rear end of a train is considered as a moving danger point to be protected against a following train. Positions of the trains are either given by trackside or trainside localisation euqipment.
MRT
expectation of the (mean) repair time [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-07-21] Note 1: MRT = fault localization time + fault correction time + function checkout time according SPPRAMSS-3539 - [EN 61703: 2016]
MTBSF
mean operating time between service failures Note 1 to entry: Service failures should be defined as one of the failures severity levels. These failures are understood as failures with operational impact. For example failures for which the safety reaction is application of the service brake. Note 2 to entry: Abbreviation is not yet defined in any CEN/CENELEC railway standard but is often used by railway operators and infrastructure managers.
MTD
mean technical delay [SOURCE: SPPRAMSS-349 - [EN 50126-1:2017] Annex B.4]
MTTFF
mean operating time to first failure expectation of the operating time to first failure Note 1 to entry: See also operating time to first failure (192-05-02). Note 2 to entry: For non-repairable items, the MTTFF is also the MTTF. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-05-12]
MTTF
mean operating time to failure expectation of the operating time to failure Note 1 to entry: In the case of non-repairable items with an exponential distribution of operating times to failure (i.e. a constant failure rate) the MTTF is numerically equal to the reciprocal of the failure rate. This is also true for repairable items if after restoration they can be considered to be "as-good-as-new". Note 2 to entry: See also operating time to failure (192-05-01) SPPRAMSS-4441 - operating time to failure, <of an item> . [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-05-11]
MTTR
mean time to restoration - expectation of the time to restoration deprecated: mean time to repair, mean time to recovery Note 1 to entry: IEC 60050-191:1990 (now withdrawn; replaced by IEC 60050-192:2015) defined the term ”mean time to recovery” as a synonym, but restoration and recovery are not synonyms. Note 2 to entry: MTTR = MFDT + MAD + MLD + MTD + MRT according SPPRAMSS-3539 - [EN 61703: 2016] [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192, 192-07-23, modified: Note 2 to entry added.]
Multi-rail track
Track with more than two rails, where at least two pairs of respective rails are designed to be operated as separate single tracks, with or without different track gauges.
MVCC
Multi-version concurrency control
Multiple operation
an operational formation consisting of more than one unit: — Trainsets designed so that several of them (of the type under assessment) are capable of being coupled together to operate as a single train controlled from 1 driver's cab. — Locomotives designed so that several of them (of the type under assessment) are capable of being included in a single train controlled from 1 driver's cab.
MULTIPLE UNITS
Two or more traction units in service, mechanically, pneumatically and electrically coupled, which are operated by one driver.
MUST NOT
This phrase, or the phrase ‘SHALL NOT’, means that the definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
MUST
This word, or the terms ‘REQUIRED’ or ‘SHALL’, mean that the definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
Narrow Interfaces
narrow interfaces TBD
national accreditation body
a national accreditation body as defined in point (11) of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008
National Add-on
The feature is a matter of national railway specification. Interoperability must not be influenced.
NIP
In 2016, the EC also asked the EU Member States to establish the so-called “National Implementation Plans” (NIPs) in which they have to describe their actions to comply with the relevant standard for ERTMS, i.e. CCS TSI 2016/919. The CCS TSI regulates the implementation of fully interoperable 'control-command and signalling' subsystems. The NIPs have to fulfil two conditions, i.e. they must cover a period of at least 15 years and they must be updated every 5 years. In addition, they have to contain the following information: (image: 1-screenshot-20230616-124455.png)
National Implemenation Plan
National instruction
An instruction defined at national level or by an infrastructure manager which covers situations specific to a Class B system or the transition between class A and class B systems.
national rules
all binding rules adopted in a Member State, irrespective of the body issuing them, which contain railway safety or technical requirements, other than those laid down by Union or international rules, and which are applicable within that Member State to railway undertakings, infrastructure managers or third parties
all binding rules adopted in a Member State, irrespective of the body issuing them, which contain railway safety or technical requirements, other than those laid down by Union or international rules which are applicable within that Member State to railway undertakings, infrastructure managers or third parties
NSA
(a) the national body entrusted with the tasks regarding railway safety in accordance with this Directive; (b) any body entrusted by several Member States with the tasks referred to in point (a) in order to ensure a unified safety regime; (c) any body entrusted by a Member State and a third country with the tasks referred to in point (a) in order to ensure a unified safety regime, provided that the Union has concluded an agreement to this effect with the third country concerned or that that Member State has concluded such agreement in accordance with an empowerment granted by the Union to that effect;
a safety authority as defined in point (7) of Article 3 of Directive (EU) 2016/798
National Safety Authority
national safety authority
NATIONAL SYSTEM MODE
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode in which the supervision of the train is ensured by a National System.
NATIONAL TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM
A previously installed train control system defined as Class B system in CCS TSI.
NTC
National Train Control
NATIONAL VALUES
Values that are transmitted to a train when entering the infrastructure of an administration related to rules and regulations of that administration. National values may be changed within an administrations area.
NTMS
Neighborhood TMS
Network Component
An implementation of data networking functions as switching, routing, filtering or tunneling. Examples of Network Components are network switches, LAN/WAN routers, firewalls, data diodes and VPNs
NPDU
Network Protocol Data Unit
NSAP
Network Service Access Point
NSDU
Network Service Data Unit
network statement
the statement which sets out in detail the general rules, deadlines, procedures and criteria for charging and capacity-allocation schemes, including such other information as is required to enable applications for infrastructure capacity
Network Termination
network
the lines, stations, terminals, and all kinds of fixed equipment needed to ensure safe and continuous operation of the Union rail system
the entire railway infrastructure managed by an infrastructure manager
New Definition
NFF
No Fault Found
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode in which the on-board equipment is not powered and the emergency brake is commanded.
NO POWER MODE
NOI
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1304/2014 of 26 November 2014 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the subsystem ‘rolling stock — noise’ amending Decision 2008/232/EC and repealing Decision 2011/229/EU
Noise
Nominal contact wire height
A nominal value of the contact wire height at a support in the normal conditions
Nominal track gauge
A single value which identifies the track gauge but may differ from the design track gauge.
Nominal voltage
Voltage by which an installation or part of an installation is designated
Non Leading mode
NON-EQUIPPED LINE
A line without operational trackside Automatic Train Protection system.
Non-European Railway
IM and / or RU of a country that is no member of the European Union
Non-functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements are constraints on the system that define how well something is to be done or how it is to be done which fall into three categories:{comment:66} * Performance Requirements SPPR-4175 - Performance Requirements ; * System Requirements SPPR-4177 - System Requirements ;{comment:65} * Implementation Requirements SPPR-4180 - Implementation Requirements . These categories are derived from consideration of the essential relationships with the Operational{comment:31} and Functional Requirements and ensure the completeness and consistency of the requirements model (It is these essential relationships between the functionally-based requirements and constraint-based requirements that make the Holistic Requirements Model so useful).
NRT
This is a way of selling train tickets meant for international or foreign sales, where the issuer can produce the ticket locally, without any online transaction with an attributing system. The NRT tickets are always open tickets, i.e. the contract of carriage is valid on any NRT train serving the route marked on the ticket, within a defined validity period. To issue a NRT ticket the issuer needs a list of OD’s (series) and one or more tables of prices corresponding to distance ranges. Reservations can (in some cases must) be purchased together with the ticket
Non-integrated Reservation Tickets
NON-LEADING MODE
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode when it is connected to an active cab which is not in the leading engine of the train.
Non-Repudiation
Non-Repudiation: ability to prove the occurrence of a claimed event or action and its originating entities (source: ISO 27000-2018 )
NON-VITAL
A description applied to those parts of the signalling system whose failure or non-availability does not directly endanger rail traffic or reduce the integrity of the signalling system.
Normal service
The railway operating to a planned timetable service.
Planned timetable service
normal/regular operation
desired state of operation of a system/component/equipment, i.e. absence of faults.
NOTIF-IT
The database for Notified National Rules. Has been replaced by SRD: Single Rule Database [SOURCE: ERA, https://www.era.europa.eu/domains/registers/srd_en ]
NB-Rail
Notified bodies for interoperability in the railway sector
Notified bodies
Means the bodies which are responsible for assessing the conformity or suitability for use of the Interoperability Constituents or for appraising the EC procedure for verification of the subsystems
NP - No Power Mode in ETCS
NRT train
Means a train that a passenger can board having bought a NRT ticket, in the case of international or foreign sales
NRV
‘national reference value (NRV)’ means a reference measure indicating, for the Member State concerned, the maximum tolerable level for a railway risk category; SPPRAMSS-347 - [2009/460/EC]
NTC - National Train Control
NTP - National Train Protection
[OAB] [Entities/actors]
Capella Viewpoint. Purpose: displays the sub-entities and actors of an entity. Rule: contains at least 1 operational entity Rule: May contain operational actors Rule: contains no operational activities Filter: TBD
[OAB] [Process Involvement]
Capella Viewpoint. Purpose: For a process p, displays the activities it involves and the entities or actors they are allocated to. Rule0: There is one and only one [OAB][ProcessInvolvement] per process Rule1: At least each leaf activity/actor hosting the an activity of p shall be displayed on the diagram. Rule2: Structure Entities, defined as containing the activity or actors or rule 1, may be displayed (Author's decision). If so, the diagram shall remain clear even if exported on A4 protrait. Rule3: Contains at least 1 operational entity, at least 2 actitivies. Rule4: The diagram forbids entities or actors that do not allocate any activity of the process it describes Filter: TBD
[OAB]
placeholder
[OAIB] [Operational Process]
Capella Viewpoint. Purpose: displays the activities of a process. Rule: contains at least 2 operational activity Rule: each activity has an interaction with another activity Filter: TBD
OB - On-board
Object Name
An object name is a string that helps humans identity an object and that may reveal meaningful information about the object.
objectives
ARCADIA is a structured engineering method to identify and check the architecture of complex systems. It promotes collaborative work among all stakeholders during many of the engineering phases of the system. It allows iterations during the definition phase that help the architects to converge towards satisfaction of all identified needs. Even if textual requirements are kept as a support for part of customer need capture, ARCADIA favours functional analysis as the major way to formalize the need and solution behaviour. This includes operational, functional and non-functional aspects, along with resulting definition of the architecture, based on – and justified against – this functional analysis. ARCADIA is based on the following general principles * All engineering stakeholders share the same language, method set of engineering artifacts and information, description of the need and the product itself as a shared model; * Each set of constraints (e.g. safety, performance, cost, mass, etc.) is formalized in a "viewpoint" against which each candidate architecture will be checked; * Architecture verification rules are established and the model is challenged against them, so as to check that architecture definition meets expectations, as early as possible in the process; * Co-engineering between the different levels of engineering is supported by the joint development of models. Models of various levels of the architecture and trade-offs are deduced, validated and/or connected with each other. The ARCADIA method is tooled through Capella, a modelling tool that meets full-scale deployment constraints in an operational context. Capella is available free of charge from the engineering community under open source.
Obstacle-free route
An obstacle-free route is a link between two or more public areas dedicated to the transport of passengers such as specified in point 2.1.1. It can be navigated by all persons with disabilities and reduced mobility. In order to achieve this, the route can be divided to better meet the needs of all persons with disabilities and reduced mobility. The combination of all the parts of the obstacle free route constitutes the route accessible for all persons with disabilities and reduced mobility.
[OCB] [Involvement]
Capella Viewpoint. Purpose: displays the operational entities and actors involved in an operational capability- and only that Rule: contains 1 and only 1 capability Rule: contains at least on 1 entity or actor Filter: show entities * Yes: Hide Communication Means * No: Hide Involvement Links * Yes: Hide Operational Capabiltiy Extends * Yes: Hide Operational Capabiltiy Includes * Yes: Hide Operational Capabiltiy Generatlizations * Yes: Hide Property Values * Yes: Hide Diagram Title Blocks * Yes: Hilde Element Title Blocks
[OCB] [Structure]
Capella Viewpoint. Purpose: displays the hierachy of operational capabilities - and only that Rule: contains only capabilities and their relationships, no entities Rule: organised as a tree (folder like) Filter: * Yes: Hide Communication Means * Yes: Hide Involvement Links * TBD: Hide Operational Capabiltiy Extends * TBD: Hide Operational Capabiltiy Includes * TBD: Hide Operational Capabiltiy Generatlizations * Yes: Hide Property Values * Yes: Hide Diagram Title Blocks * Yes: Hilde Element Title Blocks
OCCUPIED
A track section having any part of a train present upon it.
OCORA - Open CCS On-board Reference Architecture
ODOMETER ACCURACY
The extent to which the odometer might make underestimation/overestimation in measuring the movement of the train.
ODOMETRY REFERENCE LOCATION
The reference location to which refers the train based odometer distance reading.
ODO
Odometry is a function inside the ETCS Onboard System (see SUBSET 23 glossary, TSI 2023). The function provides information about the distandce traveld and the train speed (distance over time).
The process of measuring the train’s movement along the track. Used for speed measurement and distance measurement.
Odometry
OE - Operational Execution
[OES] [Operational Process] [scenario]
Capella Viewpoint. Purpose: Display the selected sequence of activities, interactions and related dependencies in a swimlane diagram Rule: Each activity is deployed to an entity or an actor. Rule: Each activity has at least one input and one output interaction. Filter: TBD selected path/sequence
OFF-LINE KMS
KMS where distribution, deletion or updating of key entries requires staff intervention on the target device.
Offer
See availability
Official website
Means the company’s public website where commercial information is released to the customer. The website shall be machine readable by respecting web content accessibility guidelines
OMS - On-board Monitoring System
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode that gives the driver partial responsibility for the safe control of his train. In this mode the train possesses a movement authority but the track ahead might be occupied by another train.
ON SIGHT MODE
OTMs
vehicles specially designed for construction and maintenance of the track and infrastructure. OTMs are used in different modes: working mode, transport mode as self-propelling vehicle, transport mode as a hauled vehicle
On track Machines
On-board control-command and signalling
all the on-board equipment required to ensure safety and to command and control movements of trains authorised to travel on the network
ON-BOARD EQUIPMENT
The equipment carried on the train with the aim of supervising vehicle operation.
On-board lift
a device integrated in the doorway area of a vehicle that shall be able to overcome the maximum height difference between the vehicle floor and the station platform where operated.
On-board ramp
a device that is positioned between the vehicle door threshold and the platform. It can be manual, semi-automatic or automatic.
ON-BOARD RECORDING DEVICE
A device (outside the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment) that records and stores data for subsequent analysis (e.g. further to a train accident).
On-board systems
systems assisting the driver to observe line-side signalling and in cab signalling and thus providing protection of danger points and enforcement of speed limits. On-board TPSs are described as follows: (a) Warning, providing automatic warning to driver. (b) Warning and automatic stop, providing automatic warning to driver and automatic stop when passing a signal at danger. (c) Warning and automatic stop and discrete supervision of speed, providing protection of danger points, where ‘discrete supervision of speed’ means supervision of speed at certain locations (speed traps) at the approach of a signal. (d) Warning and automatic stop and continuous supervision of speed, providing protection of danger points and continuous supervision of the speed limits of the line, where ‘continuous supervision of speed’ means continuous indication and enforcement of the maximal allowed target speed on all sections of the line. Type (d) is regarded as Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system.
OBU
See ERTMS/ETCS ON-BOARD EQUIPMENT.
ON-BOARD UNIT
DCS
On-ground service collecting the CEBD from an Energy Measurement System
On-ground energy data collecting system (data collecting service)
ON-LINE KMS
KMS allowing remote distribution, deletion or updating of key entries in the target device.
Onboard Strategy
strategy of equipping and upgrading the trains with onboard communication units and additional technology as localisation, train integrity etc.
One Stop Shop (OSS)
An international partnership between rail Infrastructure Managers providing a single point of contact for rail customers for the purposes of: — Ordering specified train paths in international freight traffic, — Monitoring the entire train movement, — Generally also invoicing track access charges on behalf of IMs.
One stop shop
An international partnership between rail infrastructure managers providing a single point of contact for rail customers for the purposes of: ordering specified train paths in international freight traffic, monitoring the movement of the entire train, generally also invoicing track access charges on behalf of infrastructure managers
[OPD] [Operational Process] [logic]
Capella viewpoint Purpose: Show all activities of operational process with their data flow (interactions) and control flow. Rule: Each activity has at least one input and one output interaction. Filter: TBD
Open Access mode
Mode of train operation where only one RU is involved, which runs the train on various infrastructures. This RU contracts the needed paths with all involved IMs.
OSI layer
Open System Interaction Model, aka OSI 7 System Layer model
Open System Interaction Model
OSI
Open System Interconnection
OPERATED SYSTEM VERSION
For both trackside and on-board, to operate a system version means to comply with the requirements from all TSI annex A documents, which are applicable to this system version and to the concerned subsystem. The operated system version is ordered by trackside; however, to operate a system version number X within a delimited trackside area only means that an on-board equipment running on this area shall behave according to the set of requirements applicable to the system version number X.Y where X is the one ordered by trackside and Y is the system version number Y (which may be different from the one ordered by trackside) operated by the on-board within this version X.
Operating Language
The language or languages used in daily operation an infrastructure manager and published in its Network Statement, for the communication of operational or safety related messages between the staff of the infrastructure manager and the railway undertaking.
Operating Rules
Operating rules are entendend to inhance railway safety. They cover responsibilities, functionality of signalling equipment, procedures for safe train movement, handling incidents and accidents and other topics that are related to railway safety..
Operating state
The operating state describes the current state of production: * how trains move * where trains are * which route is set in control system * status of assets This information is based on inputs from control systems.
Operating system
operating time to failure, <of an item>
operating time accumulated from the first use, or from restoration, until failure Note 1 to entry: See also operating time (192-02-05) SPPRAMSS-4080 - operating time . [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-05-01]
operating time
Time interval for which an item is in an operating state Note 1 to entry: The duration of operating time may be expressed in units appropriate to the item concerned, e.g. calendar time, operating cycles, distance run, etc., and the units should always be clearly stated. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-02-05]
O&M
Operation and Maintenance
OPE
Operation and Traffic Management
operation of the railway infrastructure
train path allocation, traffic management and infrastructure charging
Operational Activity
On operational activity is one step in an operational process, that has one or more inputs, and one or more outputs. The activity describes what and how the operational entity the operational activity is allocated to is doing.
A step or function of an operational process, done by actors that might need to use the system to reach certain objectives.
Operational capability
An operational capability is an ability given by a group of processes.
ability of an operational entity to provide a service
OpsCON
Operational concepts (How system should function)
Operational Concepts
Operational Costs
Costs for operating the railway system
Operational Design
The operational Design, a synonym for operational analysis, includes the output workitems of all processes in the SEMP Process Group 02, which are for example operational... capabilities, processes, actor descriptions, requirements, hazards and risks. The operational design workitems are used for the System Pillar deliverable documents of the ORS (see SPPR-1848 )
Operational Entity/Actor
A person or organisation performing an operational activity.
Denotes an entity of the real world (such as another system, device, group or organisation ...) involved in operational activities to which the system of interest or stakeholders must contribute. An actor is a type of operational entity (usually human and indivisible).{comment:1}
OHT
Operational Harmonization Team
Operational harmonization
An operational topic (process, actor, defintion, ...) is considered harmonized if a description is provided in the SP context that fulfills: * This description is exhaustive, delimited and precise. There is no remaining "open space and freedom". The scope is clearly defined. Existing gaps are clearly identified. Statements are formulated unambiguously, if necessary in a formal form. {comment:98} * A set of variants and parameters, if necessary, are part of the description. * The description has been agreed by both Railway and Industry stakeholdes. This consens is especially defined under the light of project rework and domain standardisaton: * The description is agreed by the railways stakeholders of system Pillar as fitting their need, i.e. all their needs are fullfilled by the available variants and parameters without having again a solution discussion or check. * This description is agreed by the industry stakeholdes as 1:1 implementable, without having to reopen again the ambiguity discussion
Operational Hazard.
A problematic situation that can occure with a process design.
Operational instruction
Formal information exchanged between signaller and train driver so as to ensure/continue railway operation in specific situations. The operational instruction exists at both national and European levels.
Operational Interaction
exchange between operational activities
Operational Mission (deprecated)
A high-level operational objective. A drive or a goal that is assumed by a collection of operational entity, in order to {comment:2}reach specific objectives.
Operational Mission Segment
SPT2OD-5097 - Missing cross-reference refers to the portion of an SPT2OD-4977 - Missing cross-referencewhich represents the path on the railway track which is to be used for an immediate SPT2OD-4965 - Missing cross-reference movement and/or a related SPT2OD-4978 - Missing cross-reference .
Operational Mission
SPT2OD-4977 - Missing cross-reference refers to the complete operational journey planned from one initial position on the railway network to a final position on the railway network. Most commonly this can be exemplified by the commercial journey starting at a central station, passing through many regional stations before ending at a final central station somewhere else on the railway network. One SPT2OD-4977 - Missing cross-reference may have many SPT2OD-4978 - Missing cross-reference and may be assigned to the responsibility of one or more SPT2OD-4967 - Missing cross-reference along the way.
Operational Plan
Analogous to the capacity plan, the operational plan supplies the train and traffic control and all other components with the operational train data. The operational plan is fed from the active timetable buffer and contains all trains (from the timetable buffer) that are currently in their operational time window. The operational plan is the result of various influences (decisions from dispatching, map data, etc.). It is updated every single minute.
Operational Process
An ordered (time or information) flow of operational activities.
Specific organisation of activities and interactions, forming one path to fulfil an operational capability, within the set of all possible paths of operational data flows. It describes either an expected behaviour of one or several operational entities in a given context, or expresses non-functional properties on the path (such as latency, criticality, confidentiality, redundancy ...).
Operational Requirements
Operational requirement
A requirement issued in the context of the operational analysis process group. May qualify some operational actor, actor property, activity, scenario.
Something a process design has to fulfil.
Operational Risk.
Value and mitigation for a operational hazard
Operational Role
Collection of consistent activities that can be realised by one of several operational entities/actors, and should be considered as a whole. It's a means of structuring those activities and sharing them between several operational entities/actors.
Operational Scenario
dynamic and time-ordered interaction between operational elements: operational entities / actors or operational activities
Operational Stop
SPT2OD-4978 - Missing cross-reference refer to the operational activities undertaken along, and in relation to, an SPT2OD-4977 - Missing cross-reference . Most commonly this can be exemplified by the station stops within a planned commercial journey for the entry/exit of passengers.
Operational/System relationships
operator of service facility
any public or private entity responsible for managing one or more service facilities or supplying one or more services to railway undertakings referred to in points 2 to 4 of Annex II
Operator Specific Add-On
Operator
An institution operating a system through its life-cycle, in context of the document usually an Infrastructure Manager or Train Operator.
Opex
Operational Expenditures
Optional feature/Option
The feature might be provided or not. If provided, it has to be provided as specified. Optional features are not required. Interoperability between EuroRadio systems providing and not providing the optional feature has to be guaranteed. Otherwise, the option has to be deactivated.
OSJD
Organisation for Cooperation between Railways
ORS Operational Requirement Specification
The Operational Requirement Specification consists of a document bundle published by System Pillar's OA (SPPR-4033 ) as depicted in Diagram SPPR-3655 - Sub-processes of the operational analysis and their work-products. (TBD: detail while defining the documents created in Process SPPR-2240 - P2.5 Operational Design (System Level 2-3) )
OSS
One Stop Shop
other (accident)
any accident other than a collision of train with rail vehicle, collision of train with obstacle within the clearance gauge, derailment of train, level crossing accident, an accident to person involving rolling stock in motion or a fire in rolling stock
other crew members performing safety-critical tasks
staff on board the train who are not train drivers but who help to ensure the safety of the train and of the passengers and goods being transported
other person at a platform
any person at a railway platform who is not defined as ‘passenger’, ‘employee or contractor’, ‘level crossing user’, ‘other person not at a platform’ or ‘trespasser’
other person not at a platform
any person not at a railway platform who is not defined as ‘passenger’, ‘employee or contractor’, ‘level crossing user’, ‘other person at a platform’ or ‘trespasser’
ORBG
The ORBG is a balise group different from the LRBG, which is used as a common location reference between the ERTMS/ETCS on-board and trackside equipment.
OTHER REFERENCE BALISE GROUP
OVER-READING AMOUNT
The distance the train may have travelled less far than the estimated position. The distance is estimated by the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment taking into account the odometer inaccuracy plus the error for the detection of a balise location, as defined in the Eurobalise specifications.
OCL
Contact line placed above (or beside) the upper limit of the vehicle gauge and supplying vehicles with electric energy through roof-mounted current collection equipment
Overhead contact line
The section of line in advance of a stop signal that must be unoccupied and, where necessary, locked before and during a signalled running movement to the rear of the signal to avoid an accident if the train brakes do not perform as well as expected and the train passes the END OF MOVEMENT AUTHORITY.
OVERLAP
PDN
Packet Data Network
PDP
Packet Data Protocol
PSD
Packet Switched Data
Packet Switched
PACKET
Packets are multiple variables grouped into a single unit with a defined internal structure. Packets are part of telegrams and messages.
PADDING
The information used to fill the unused part of a message to fill the block size.
PANTOGRAPH
Device for transmitting power from the overhead catenary to the train.
PARTIAL SUPERVISION MODES
A defined set of ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment modes used where insufficient track data is available to allow full supervision. The set of partially supervised modes are as follows : • limited supervision • unfitted mode • on sight mode • staff responsible mode • shunting • post trip mode • reversing
passage
any route, other than a road, provided for the passage of people, animals, vehicles or machinery
Passenger area
area to which passengers have access without particular authorisation
PIS
Passenger Information System
passenger train
an operational formation accessible to passengers (a train composed of passenger vehicles but not accessible to passengers is not considered as a passenger train)
passenger-km
the unit of measure representing the transport of one passenger by rail over a distance of one kilometre. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account.
passenger
any person, excluding a member of the train crew, who makes a trip by rail, including a passenger trying to embark onto or disembark from a moving train for accident statistics only
Means a person who intends to make, or is making, or has made a journey using the transport services and other services of one or more railway undertakings May be different from customer (see customer)
Person (other than an employee with specific duties on the train) travelling by train or on railway property before or after a train journey.
passive level crossing
a level crossing without any form of warning system or protection activated when it is unsafe for the user to traverse the crossing
Passive provision
Provision for the future construction of a physical extension to a structure (for example: increased platform length).
Passive Shunting mode
Path assembly
Joining up of individual train paths to extend path in terms of time and space.
PCS
Path Coordination System
Path number
Means the number of the defined train path
POS
Path Order System
Path
Path means the infrastructure capacity needed to run a train between two places over a given time-period (Route defined in time and space).
Means the infrastructure capacity needed to run a train between two places over a given time-period (route defined in time and space)
Payment
Means the transfer of wealth from one party (such as a customer) to another (such as a distributor). A payment is usually made in exchange for the provision of transport or service
Peer-to-Peer
The term ‘peer-to-peer’ refers to a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralised manner. The resources encompass computing power, data (storage and content), network bandwidth, and presence (computers, human, and other resources). The critical function can be distributed computing, data/content sharing, communication and collaboration, or platform services. Decentralisation may apply to algorithms, data, and metadata, or to all of them. This does not preclude retaining centralisation in some parts of the systems and applications if it meets their requirements.
Means a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralised manner
PER - Perception
performance < of an item >
Performance is the ability of all technical and operational functions, in a specific operational context, to deliver a pre-defined and agreed level of service of the system and/or vehicle in operation. With the addition (and further clarification) that: The minimum level of performance is determined and influenced by technical and operational aspects on system, vehicle and operational level, such as but not limited to: reliability, availability, maintainability, safety, security, human factors, quality, mission profile, environment, environmental conditions and laws and regulations. This means the scope and boundaries (span of control) of performance need to be defined clearly. This also stresses why the inclusion of the principles of the RAM Policy to the ERJU activities for PRAMS, is of high importance.
Performance monitoring
The systematic observation and recording of the performance of the train service and the infrastructure for the purpose of bringing about improvements in the performance of both.
Performance Parameter
Parameter describing a TSI Category of Line used as the basis for the design of infrastructure subsystem elements and as the indication of the performance level of a line.
PRAMSS
Performance, reliability, availability, maintainability, safety and security
Performance Requirements
are associated with{comment:33} corresponding Functional Requirements and define how well a particular function has to perform – they are the constraints on that function.{comment:24}
PERMISSIVE SIGNAL
A signal aspect or a signal identification, which enables a main signal to be passed at danger under special conditions, without specific permission from the signalman.
PBD SR
Permitted Braking Distance Speed Restriction
Permitted speed supervision limit
PERMITTED SPEED
The speed limit at which a train is allowed to proceed without ERTMS/ETCS warning and / or intervention.
Person with disabilities and person with reduced mobility
any person who has a permanent or temporary physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairment which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective use of transport on an equal basis with other passengers or whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to age
person with disabilities
‘person with disabilities’ and ‘person with reduced mobility’ shall include any person who has a permanent or temporary physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairment which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder the full and effective use by that person of transport on an equal basis with other passengers or whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to age
PRM
Means any person whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to any physical disability (sensory or locomotory, permanent or temporary), intellectual disability or impairment, or any other cause of disability, or as a result of age, and whose situation needs appropriate attention and adaptation to its particular needs of the service made available to all passengers
Person with reduced mobility
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1300/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to accessibility of the Union's rail system for persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility
Persons with reduced mobility
PFH
average frequency of a dangerous failure per hour average frequency of a dangerous failure of an E/E/PE safety related system to perform the specified safety function over a given period of time NOTE 1 The term “probability of dangerous failure per hour” is not used in this standard but the acronym PFH has been retained but when it is used it means “average frequency of dangerous failure [h]". NOTE 2 From a theoretical point of view, the PFH is the average of the unconditional failure intensity, also called failure frequency, and which is generally designated w(t). It should not be confused with a failure rate (see Annex B of IEC 61508-6). NOTE 3 When the E/E/PE safety-related system is the ultimate safety layer, the PFH should be calculated from its unreliability F(T)=1-R(t) (see “failure rate” above). When it is not the ultimate safety-related system its PFH should be calculated from its unavailability U(t) (see PFD above). PFH approximations are given by F(T)/T and 1/MTTF in the first case and 1/MTBF in the second case. NOTE 4 When the E/E/PE safety-related system implies only quickly repaired revealed failures then an asymptotic failure rate λas is quickly reached. It provides an estimate of the PFH. [EN 61508-4:2010 - §3.6.19]
probability of dangerous failure per hour [EN 61508-4:2010]
probability of dangerous failure per hour [SOURCE: EN 61508-4:2010]
Physical Architecture Concept
(physical) Behavioural Component
constituent part of the system, responsible of performing a subset of functions allocated to the system, by interacting with other behavioural components and external actors
(Physical) Behavioural Port
port of behavioural component
PCE
The Physical Computing Element refers to the physical device providing compute resources.
Physical Computing Element
Physical Exchange
an ordered collection of physical link transmitting behavioural exchanges
(physical) Host component
physical component, (ressource) hosting behavioural components
Physical Link
means of communication/transport relating to the hosting of physical components, used as a medium by exchanges between behavioural components
Physical Port
connection point of one or more physical links allocated to a host component, by specifying how the component can be connected to the others or external actors
Physical Scenario
scenario between actors and physical behavioural component
Physical / Building Strategy relationships
PIM
See Planning IM
PKI
Public key infrastructure
Place of delivery
Place where the delivery happens (departure rail station to be given). A place where responsibility for the wagon is changed.
Place of departure
Place from which a means of transport is scheduled to depart or has departed.
Place of destination | Place of arrival
Place at which the means of transport is due to arrive or has arrived.
placing in service
all the operations by which a subsystem is put into its operational service
placing on the market
the first making available on the Union's market of an interoperability constituent, subsystem or vehicle ready to function in its design operating state
Plain line
Section of track without switches and crossings.
Plan Execution
Planning IM
The Planning IM (PIM) is the Infrastructure Manager who is responsible for elaboration and allocation of a path. The responsibility area of PIM is defined by handover points e.g. used as first/last journey location in Path Information of Path Request Message or of an offered/booked path. In most cases, the RIM will be the same entity as the Planning IM. However, for some locations and/or some trains, path elaboration and also traffic monitoring in operations may also be delegated to another IM.
Plateau
A Plateau is a consistent requirement subset of the System Pillar Reference Architecture (SPRA) to be defined by the System Pillar domains. It can be used for market tenders in a specific timeframe and is recommended by and agreed across the sector. In the context of system engineering, a "plateau" refers to a distinct stage or phase within the system development lifecycle (SDLC) where progress or development remains relatively stable or flat for a period of time. It is characterized by a temporary pause or leveling off in the advancement or evolution of the system being developed.
In the context of system engineering, a "plateau" refers to a distinct stage or phase within the system development lifecycle (SDLC) where progress or development remains relatively stable or flat for a period of time. It is characterized by a temporary pause or leveling off in the advancement or evolution of the system being developed. During a plateau, the system or project may have reached a certain level of functionality, maturity, or completion. It can be seen as a natural phase in the development process, where the initial rapid progress slows down, and further enhancements or major changes are temporarily put on hold. This can occur for various reasons, such as: * Technical Stability: The system has achieved a stable and functioning state, meeting the primary objectives or requirements defined for that particular stage of development. The focus during this phase may shift towards fine-tuning, optimization, and bug fixing. * Resource Allocation: The allocation of resources, including personnel, time, and budget, may be temporarily redirected to other areas of priority. This can result in a pause in major advancements for the system on the plateau. * Stakeholder Evaluation: Stakeholders may require time to evaluate and provide feedback on the current state of the system before proceeding to the next phase. This evaluation period can lead to a plateau in development activities. * Planning and Preparation: The system engineering team may use the plateau phase to plan and prepare for the next stage of development. This includes conducting feasibility studies, conducting risk assessments, gathering requirements, or developing a roadmap for future enhancements or releases. While plateaus can be a temporary slowdown in the system development process, they can also provide opportunities for reflection, evaluation, and strategic decision-making. During this phase, system engineers and stakeholders can assess the current state of the system, address any outstanding issues or challenges, and plan for future iterations or developments. It's important for system engineers to effectively manage plateaus by maintaining clear communication with stakeholders, ensuring proper documentation, and utilizing the time and resources available to refine and improve the system before progressing to the next stage of development.
Platform
Means the area at a station to alight from/board trains
Point retraction
The reference line in a fixed common crossing can deviate from the theoretical reference line. From a certain distance to the crossing point, the reference line of the vee can, depending on the design, be retracted from this theoretical line away from the wheel flange in order to avoid contact between both elements. This situation is described in Figure 2.
PPP
Point to Point Protocol
POINT
A section of track equipped so that train routes may converge or diverge.
PWITD
Polarion Work Item of Type Definition
PWITR
Polarion Work Item of Type Reference
Portability
Function by considering the ability for one function to be ported from one technology to another technology. The property that allows migrating a software from one concrete computing platform implementation to another concrete computing platform implementation.
POSSESSION, OF SIGNALLING EQUIPMENT
The disconnection or restriction of use of signalling equipment agreed between maintenance and operations staff to enable work to be carried out on the equipment.
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode that is entered after a train trip when the train has been brought to a stand and the driver has acknowledged the situation.
POST TRIP MODE
Power Head
Power Unit when located at one end of the trainset and fitted with a driving cab.
Power Unit
powered vehicle with or without driving cab, which is not intended to be uncoupled during normal operation
PMAT
PRAMSS Management & Assurance Team
PRAMS
Performance, reliability, availability, maintainability, safety
Pre-departure Period
Is the delta time before the scheduled time of departure. The pre-departure period starts at scheduled time of departure minus delta time and ends at the scheduled time of departure.
predefined formation(s)
a train formation(s) of several units coupled together, which is defined at design stage and can be reconfigured during operation
Primary data
Basic data as reference data input for messages or as the basis for functionality and calculation of derived data.
Means the basic data as reference data input for messages or as the basis for functionality and calculation of derived data
PROCEED ASPECT
Any signal aspect which permits the driver to pass the signal.
Process Framework
A process framework refers to a structured and systematic approach for designing, documenting, and managing processes within an organisation for a defined scope.
Process Task
An atomic activity that is included within a process. It is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process detail. Action intended to contribute to the achievement of one or more outcomes of a process.
Process
A set of interrelated or interacting set of cohesive process tasks that transforms inputs into outputs. The Processes require a purpose and outcome, all processes have at least one process task.
Production phase for CCS On-Board Subsystem
The production phase is the period during which the CCS on-board subsystem may be placed on the market on the basis of an EC declaration of verification referring to a valid EC type or design examination certificate.
Production view
The production view is an information model that is restricted to the needs of a given use case. It is designed to allow data delivery to consumers using a given technology.
PROD
Production
Product
Means a type of train with determined types of services (e.g. high speed, bicycle storage places, PRM accommodation, couchette and/or sleeping cars, dining cars, take-away facilities, etc.) which are linked to relevant prices and may be linked to specific conditions
a product obtained through a manufacturing process, including interoperability constituents and subsystems
project at an advanced stage of development
any project the planning or construction stage of which has reached a point where a change in the technical specifications may compromise the viability of the project as planned
PMO
Project Management Office
Project Milestone.
The planning hierarchy is Release>Project Milestone>Work Package>Task
PROTECTED WRONG SIDE FAILURE
A wrong side failure where another part of the signalling system provides an acceptable level of protection.
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PS MODE
Packet switched transmission mode shares radio transmission resources between several logical connections.
PS SERVICE SETUP
GPRS attach followed by PDP context activation, as described in ANNEX G.
PS STATUS
Status of the PS service setup: it’s successful or OK only if PS service setup is successful.
PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE (PKI)
Set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates and manage public key encryption with the purpose to facilitate the secure transfer of information for a range of network activities.
Public Key Infrastructure
public private partnership
a binding arrangement between public bodies and one or more undertakings other than the main infrastructure manager of a Member State, under which the undertakings partially or totally construct and/or fund railway infrastructure, and/or acquire the right to exercise any of the functions listed in point (2) for a predefined period of time. The arrangement may take any appropriate legally binding form foreseen in national legislation
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
Publish
Means the publishing of information or data where no access control shall be applied
Put into Service
A procedure dependent on the technical approval of a wagon and a contract for use with a RU, which allows commercial operation of the wagon.
QoS - Quality of Service
Qualification
The physical and psychological suitability for the task together with the required knowledge.
Quality and Assurance
QoS
Quality of Service
Question.
Entry in a FAQ or Q&A list. Description holds answer. If there are many answers then workitems of type "Answer" can be linked.
RBC
A centralised safety unit that receives train position information via radio and sends movement authorities via radio to trains.
Radio Block Centre is a computer-based system that elaborates messages to be sent to the train on basis of information received from external trackside systems and on basis of information exchanged with the on-board subsystems. The main objective of these messages is to provide movement authorities to allow the safe movement of trains on the Railway infrastructure area under the responsibility of the RBC. The interoperability requirements for the RBC are mainly related to the data exchange between the RBC and the on-board subsystem. (subset26-2)
RADIO BLOCK CENTRE
RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
A radio transmission system providing data communication services via open networks. It can be completed by an safety related transmission system to ensure safe data transmission.
RADIO HOLE
A known area where it is not possible to establish or maintain a reliable radio connection.
RIU
Radio In-fill Unit
RADIO INFILL UNIT
A unit which provides a semi-continuous infill function via GSM-R.
RADIO NETWORK TYPE, ETCS
The radio communication network(s) (FRMCS, FRMCS+GSM-R, GSM-R) with which the trackside is equipped for bi-directional data communication between the ETCS on-board equipment and RBCs.
Rail inclination
An angle defining the inclination of the head of a rail when installed in the track relative to the plane of the rails (running surface), equal to the angle between the axis of symmetry of the rail (or of an equivalent symmetrical rail having the same rail head profile) and the perpendicular to the plane of the rails.
RIM
Rail Infrastructure Manager
RISC
Rail Interoperability and Safety Committee
RNE
Rail Net Europe
ROC
Rail Operating Company
Rail pad
A resilient layer fitted between a rail and the supporting sleeper or baseplate.
RASCOP
Rail Standardisation Coordination Platform for Europe
Rail system
Means (as in ‘trans-European rail system’) the structure, as described in Annex I (Directive 2008/57/EC), composed of lines and fixed installations, of the trans-European transport network, built or upgraded for conventional rail transport and combined rail transport, plus the rolling stock designed to travel on that infrastructure
Rail Undertakings
Railcar
a vehicle that can operate autonomously and is capable of carrying a payload (passengers or luggage/mail or freight)
Railway Infrastructure Manager
RIS
Railway Infrastructure System
railway infrastructure
items listed in Annex I
Railway Operating Company
Railway Requirement.
Epic/User Story coming from stakeholders as their concrete vision. Who, what, why. Not strict form criteria. Formulated in 3-5 sentences. Is translated to precise operational requirements during the design process.
railway system
the system composed of the railway infrastructures, comprising lines and fixed installations of the rail system plus the rolling stock of all categories and origin travelling on that infrastructure, as defined in Directives 96/48/EC and 2001/16/EC
Railway tunnel
A railway tunnel is an excavation or a construction around the track provided to allow the railway to pass for example higher land, buildings or water. The length of a tunnel is defined as the length of the fully enclosed section, measured at rail level. A tunnel in the context of this TSI is 0.1 km or longer. Where certain requirements apply only to longer tunnels, thresholds are mentioned in the relevant clauses.
Railway Undertaking
Railway undertaking (Directive (EU) 2016/798): means railway undertaking as defined in point (1) of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU, and any other public or private undertaking, the activity of which is to provide transport of goods and/or passengers by rail on the basis that the undertaking must ensure traction; this also includes undertakings which provide traction only. A RU can assume the roles Lead RU and/or Responsible Applicant and/or Responsible RU
Means any public or private undertaking the principal business of which is to provide services for the transport of goods and/or passengers by rail, with a requirement that the undertaking must ensure traction; this also includes undertakings which provide traction only
a railway undertaking as defined in point (1) of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU, and any other public or private undertaking, the activity of which is to provide transport of goods and/or passengers by rail on the basis that the undertaking is to ensure traction, including undertakings which provide traction only
a railway undertaking as defined in point (1) of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU, and any other public or private undertaking, the activity of which is to provide transport of goods and/or passengers by rail on the basis that the undertaking is to ensure traction; this also includes undertakings which provide traction only
any public or private undertaking licensed according to this Directive, the principal business of which is to provide services for the transport of goods and/or passengers by rail with a requirement that the undertaking ensure traction; this also includes undertakings which provide traction only
any railway undertaking as defined in Directive 2001/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2001 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the levying of charges for the use of railway infrastructure ( 1 ), and any other public or private undertaking, the activity of which is to provide transport of goods and/or passengers by rail on the basis that the undertaking must ensure traction. The term also includes undertakings which provide traction only
Railway
The term "railway" is used to represent railway infrastructure managers, railway undertakings, vehicle owners and all other possible combinations of the rolling stock and infrastructure owning and operating companies.
RAM
Random Access Memory
Rationale.
Reasons why another workitem WAS designed this way
RBC AREA
Trackside area which is supervised by one RBC.
RBC/RBC BORDER
The border location between two areas supervised by two different RBCs.
RBC/RBC HANDOVER
The process of passing the supervision of a train between two Radio Block Centres.
RBC/RBC TRANSITION
Alternative term to RBC/RBC handover
RBD
reliability block diagram logical, graphical representation of a system showing how reliability of its sub items (represented by blocks) and combinations thereof, affect reliability of the system [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-11-03]
A Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) is a graphical representation of the successful operation of a system. It shows the logical connection of the (functional) components (represented by blocks), which is required for the successful operation of the system. Consequently, an RBD is equivalent to a logical equation of Boolean variables and the probability calculations primarily refer to constant values of the success/failure probabilities of a block.
Reader Controller The Reader Controller manages states and failures of the Biome...
Reader Controller The Reader Controller manages states and failures of the Biometric Readerand/or the RFID Reader.
Real Time
The ability to exchange or process information on specified events (such as arrival at a station, passing a station or departure from a station) on the trains journey as they occur.
Real-Time Conflict Detection
Determine the difference between the operational plan and the forecast. Conflicts predicted to occur in the future but may be solved before they happen. Conflicts arise from the impact of deviations.
reasonable profit
a rate of return on own capital that takes account of the risk, including that to revenue, or the absence of such risk, incurred by the operator of the service facility and is in line with the average rate for the sector concerned in recent ye
RECOMMENDED
Not fulfilling the requirement will not have any impact on the technical interoperability of the equipment or of the system but it could be fulfilled to facilitate implementation or to enhance performances.
REDUNDANCY
The provision of one or more additional elements to achieve or maintain availability of a functionality if one or more of those elements “malfunctions”.
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Reference contour
A contour, associated to each gauge, showing the shape of a cross-section and used as a basis to work out the sizing rules of the infrastructure, on the one hand and of the vehicle, on the other hand
RDD
Reference Document Database (https://rdd.era.europa.eu/RDD/)
REFERENCE LOCATION
A location on the track (e.g. balise group reference location) used as a reference for the information sent from trackside or for the train position
Reference.
Hyperlink and/or copy of an external document. See: References
Refering document
any system pillar document, but for glossaries, written by a document author or read by a document reader. The document contains System Pillar Work-items, but for definitions and concepts. The export of a document may contain a table of definitions generated out of the definitions refered to in the document.
regional services
transport services whose principal purpose is to meet the transport needs of a region, including a cross-border region
RINF
Register of Infrastructure
Regular vs. Short Term processes
Regular means a process when performed within a period which is equal to or more than 7 days Short term means a process when performed within a period which is less than 7 days
Release date/time
Date/time when the goods are expected to be released or were released by the customer.
RSM
Release Speed Monitoring
RELEASE SPEED
A speed value to allow a train to approach the EOA. Needed for intermittent transmission to enable the train to approach a signal that has cleared in order to reach the information point at the signal.
Release time for wagons
Date and time when the wagons are ready to be pulled from the named place on the customer siding.
Release.
A package of documents (polarion collection) released by a domain at a certain time
reliability, <of an item>
Ability to perform as required, without failure, for a given time interval, under given conditions. Note 1 to entry: The time interval duration can be expressed in units appropriate to the item concerned, e.g. calendar time, operating cycles, distance run, etc. Note 2 to entry: Given conditions include aspects that affect reliability, such as: mode of operation, stress levels, environmental conditions, and maintenance. Note 3 to entry: Reliability can be quantified using measures defined in Section 192-05, Reliability related concepts: measures. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-01-24] Source: SPPRAMSS-349 - [EN 50126-1:2017]
RAMS
Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety
RAM(S)
Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, (Safety)
Reliability – The ability to start and continue to operate under designated operating conditions for a designated period expressed mathematically; Availability – The time in operation compared to the time out of service expressed mathematically; Maintainability – The ability of a system to be put back into service after a failure expressed mathematically; Safety – The probability of a hazardous event being initiated by the system expressed mathematically.
RELIABILITY
The probability that an item can perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval. (3) Definitions for other reliability related terms are defined in reference 3.
Reliable Data
Reliable Data refers to a typical characteristic of data which satisfies the qualities of being trustworthy/low probability of incorrect information/low fault rate of the information, current (not obsolete), complete, and accurate. The attribute “reliable” is not limited or coupled exclusively to safety-related functions since a sufficient level of quality is also required to guarantee a good performance, high availability, and reliability of non-safe functions such as realised by ATO or TMS. Hence, the data quality attribute ‘Reliable’ means safety-related or non-safety-related data that satisfies the Consuming System’s data quality requirements.
RELOCATION
Modification of the reference balise group of location based information, which is accompanied by the adjustment of the distance(s) counted from its former reference balise group.
RTO
Remote Train Operations
renewal of the railway infrastructure
major substitution works on the existing infrastructure which do not change its overall performance
renewal
any major substitution work on a subsystem or part of it which does not change the overall performance of the subsystem
REP - Repository
REPETITION/REPLAY
An attack in which a message is stored and re-transmitted later.
REP
A Replica is a specific realization of any entity in a cluster of peers used for composite fail safety and/or availability. Replicas of the same entity always run in distinct Compartments deployed to distinct Computing Elements.
Replica
Reporting point
Location on the train journey, where the responsible IM has to issue a ‘train running forecast message’ with TETA to the path contracted RU.
Means either passing points used by an infrastructure manager to provide train running information (only) or points where forecasts are generated
A point on the trains schedule where reporting of the arrival, departure or passing time is required.
Repository
A repository is similar to a database and data dictionary; however, it usually encompasses a comprehensive information management system environment. It must include not only descriptions of data structures (i.e. entities and elements), but also metadata of interest to the enterprise, data screens, reports, programs, and systems. Typically, it includes and internal set of software tools, a DBMS, a metamodel, populated metadata, and loading and retrieval software for accessing repository data.
Means the storage of data similar to a database and data dictionary; however, it usually encompasses a comprehensive information management system environment. It must include not only descriptions of data structures (i.e. entities and elements), but also Metadata of interest to the enterprise, data screens, reports, programs, and systems
REST
Representational State Transfer
ReQuest
Requirement statement
A requirement statement is the result of a formal transformation of one or more needs or parent requirements into an agreed-to obligation for an entity to perform some function or possess some quality within specified constraints with acceptable risk. Requirements are formal textual “shall” statements that communicate in a structured, natural language what an entity must do to realise the intent of the needs from which they were transformed. (Source: https://portal.incose.org/commerce/store?productId=INCOSE-GUIDEWRITINGREQ)
Rescue coupling
coupling device that enables a unit to be rescued by a recovery power unit equipped with a ‘standard’ manual coupling as per clause 4.2.2.2.3 where the unit to be rescued is equipped with a different coupling system or is not equipped with any coupling system
Reservation system
Means a computerised system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to travel. A reservation system is capable of keeping inventory correct in real time, and is accessible to agents/retailers around the world
Reservation
Means an authorisation on paper or in electronic form giving entitlement to a service (transportation or assistance) subject to a previously confirmed personalised transport arrangement
ResPonse
Responsible Applicant (RA)
Responsible Applicant
The RA is the applicant/customer and contractor as well as the single point of contact for respective IM (infrastructures manager) in the whole planning process phase. The main task of the role RA is to request the booking of capacity to an IM. The RA does not need to be a Railway Undertaking, it can also be another entity, which is able and permitted to book capacity.
The Responsible IM (RIM) is the Infrastructure Manager who is the owner of the respective network and responsible for all operational handling of trains and paths on its network.
Responsible IM
RRU
Responsible RU (RRU)
Responsible RU
The RRU is responsible for the run of the train in operation phase, for the whole journey or a section of the journey. If more than one RRU is involved in operating the train, the responsibility is transferred from one RRU to the next RRU at the interchange point. The RRU is the contact entity for the IM in operation phase for all message exchange. Based on an agreement with Responsible Applicant, RRU can also task a subcontractor with running the train, the RRU will nevertheless remain the point of contact for the IM in operation phase.
Retailer
Means a person or an undertaking that sells to the customer a ticket without or with a reservation for a rail service. A retailer can be a railway undertaking (agent) or an accredited travel agent
Retransmission TimeOut
Retrofit
Addition of new technology or features to older systems. For trains it could be adding an ETCS onboard unit to a class B equipped train.
Return circuit
All conductors which form the intended path for the traction return current
Reusability
The property of a sub-system to be integrated without any modification inside various CCS possibly deployed in different operation contexts.{comment:1298}
Reverse curve
Two abutting curves of opposite flexure or hand
REVERSE MOVEMENT
A train movement in which the driver is situated in the leading engine but the train is moved in the opposite direction to the train orientation.
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode that allows the driver to change the direction of movement of the train whilst controlling the train from the same cab.
REVERSING MODE
REVOCATION OF MOVEMENT AUTHORITY
Cancellation of a previously given permission to move a train to a given location.
RFID Reader Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to a wireless system co...
RFID Reader Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to a wireless system comprised of two components: tags and readers. The reader is a device that has one or more antennas that emit radio waves and receive signals back from the RFID tag. This reader permits the authentication of the actor.
RIGHT SIDE FAILURE
A failure that does not result in the level of protection normally provided by the signalling system being reduced.
risk, <of a hazard>
combination of the probability of occurrence of accident and the severity of that accident Note 1 to entry: In French, the term “risque” also denotes the potential source of harm, in English “hazard” (see 903-01-02) SPPRAMSS-4044 - Hazard . [SOURCE: IEC 60050-903:2013, 903-01-07, modified — <of a hazard> has been added and "harm" has been replaced with "accident"]
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk [Source: IEC 60050-903:2013, 903-01-08]
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation [Source: IEC 60050-903:2013, 903-01-10]
risk evaluation
procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved [Source: IEC 60050-903:2013, 903-01-09]
RISK
The combination of the frequency, probability, and the consequence of a specified hazardous event.
Value of damage and mitigation for a hazard.
RIV
Regulations governing the reciprocal use of wagons in international traffic. Regulations governing the reciprocal use of loading tackle, container and pallets in international traffic.
Road Traffic (DRAFT)
Any traffic on a railway track level crossing other than railway traffic.
Roadmap
Visualization of a specific plan
road
‘road’ means, for the purpose of railway accident statistics, any public or private road, street or highway, including adjacent footpaths and bicycle lanes.
RBAS
Role Based Access Control
Role.
Role assigned to a actor
RAP
Roll Away Protection
ROLL AWAY
An unintended and non-powered movement of the train in a direction, which conflicts with the current position of the direction controller in the active desk.
An unintended and non-powered movement of the train in a direction, which conflicts with the current position of the direction controller in the active desk. Reference: Glossary of Terms and Abbreviation. SUBSET-023. Issue 4.0.0
RST
Rolling Stock
ROUTE RELEASE
The release of route locking.
Route section
A part of a route
Means a part of a route
ROUTE SUITABILITY DATA
Data transmitted to the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment to allow it to check its ability to run on the track as indicated by the movement authority. It includes data related to loading gauge, traction system and axle load category.
ROUTE
The particular section or sections of track, from a starting point to a point of destination, prepared for train operation
The geographical way to be taken from a starting point to a point of destination.
Means the geographical line to be taken from a starting point to a point of destination
The particular section or sections of line
RU - Railway Undertaking.
Rule.
Design principle that shall used in a certain area. Is used to avoid the need of Rationals for every design element.
RTE
The Runtime Environment refers to the software needed to provide the services of the Runtime Layer in a single Compartment.
Runtime Environment
The Runtime Layer refers to the system services (e.g., application and computing resource orchestration, monitoring of the Functional Applications and the Application Execution Environment, tracing and logging, communication services that are not related to safety, security means incl. authentication, encryption, key storage, etc.) and the communication stack for information exchange between Functional Applications running on the same Computing Environment and with external entities. It may also include an operating system.
Runtime Layer
PPV/PPW
Russian abbreviation for Prawila Polzowaniia Wagonami w mejdunarodnom soobqenii = Rules for use of railway vehicles in international traffic
See Railway Undertaking
Safe area
a safe area is a temporary survivable space, inside or outside the tunnel, for passengers and staff to find refuge after they have evacuated from a train
SaCEPID
Safe Connection EndPoint IDentifier
SAFE CONSIST LENGTH, ETCS
Information about the set of vehicles in rear of and (if any) in front of the engine, taking into account the side of the active cab which defines the front of the engine. The safe consist length information is composed of the six following values: a) The nominal, min safe and max safe consist lengths in front of the engine, counted from the front end of the engine b) The nominal, min safe and max safe consist lengths in rear of the engine, counted from the front end of the engine Note: The difference between the min and max safe consist length is related to what is called coupling play and/or to any other uncertainties in the consist length information. It allows to deduce the overall length between the two extremities of a train whose movements can be supervised by the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment: a) In SM mode, regardless whether there are vehicles in front of the engine b) In modes where availability of valid Train Data is necessary, in case there is no vehicle in front of the engine
SAFE DECELERATION
The deceleration the train is assumed to achieve with a certain confidence level
SFM
Safe Functional Module
safe state [821-12-49]
condition which continues to preserve safety [SOURCE: IEC 62425:2007, 3.1.42]
SAFE STATE
A condition which continues to preserve safety.
condition which continues to preserve safety [Source: IEC 60050-821, 821-12-49]
condition which continues to preserve safety [821-12-49][IEC 62425:2007, 3.1.42]
Safe Train Length Determination
Function of ETCS Level 3.
SAFETY ACCEPTANCE
The safety acceptance process and the associated terms are given in reference 4.
safety authorisation
the authorisation issued to an infrastructure manager by a competent authority in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2004/49/EC
safety certificate
the certificate issued to a railway undertaking by a competent authority in accordance with Article 10 of Directive 2004/49/EC
SET
A Safety Environment Task implements part of the functionality provided by a Safety Environment. Depending on its role in the overall function provided, it has a specific SIL assigned (in-line with total SE SIL definition). It may run replicated in multiple Compartments as SE Task Replicas.
Safety Environment Task
The Safety Environment refers to the software needed to provide the services of the Safety Layer in one single Compartment. Previous definition: The Safety Environment refers to all Safety Environment Tasks needed for a Functional System.
The Safety Environment refers to all Safety Environment Tasks needed for a Functional System.
Safety Environment
SaF
Safety Features
The Safety Framework refers to all Safety Environment Replicas needed for a Functional System. Previous definition: new term
Safety Framework
SRT
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1303/2014 of 18 November 2014 concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to ‘safety in railway tunnels’ of the rail system of the European Union
Safety in Railway Tunnels
Safety Information
Safety information is information that shall be given to passengers so that they know in advance how they have to behave in case of an emergency.
Safety Instructions
Safety instructions are the instructions that shall be given to passengers in case of an emergency so that they understand what to do.
SIL
Safety Integrity Level
The Safety Layer implements all the technical safety principles related to fulfilling the requirements of EN 50126, EN 50128, EN 50129, EN 50159 (e.g., composite fail safety, fault tolerance, voting mechanisms, redundancy mechanisms for availability, safety communication layers etc.) that are needed to enable the execution of Functional Applications up to SIL4.{comment:1}
Safety Layer
SAFETY LIFE CYCLE
The safety life cycle is defined in reference 4.
SMS
Safety Management System
the organisation, arrangements and procedures established by an infrastructure manager or a railway undertaking to ensure the safe management of its operations
The aim of introducing Safety Platform Independence Interface I5 (Interface 5), is to be able to implement platform independent Safe Functional Applications (up to SIL4) i.e., applications, based on a generalized abstraction between the application logic and the system interfaces, will run unchanged on different platform implementations.
Safety Platform Independence Interface
SaPDU
Safety Protocol Data Unit
SRAC
Safety related application conditions are SPPR-2246 - Application Condition relevant for the safety of the application.
Safety related application conditions
SaSAP
Safety Service Access Point
SaSDU
Safety Service Data Unit
SaS
Safety Service
SaUD
Safety User Data
Safety-critical task
Task performed by staff when they control or affect the movement of a train, which could affect railway safety.
SAFETY
Freedom from an unacceptable risk of harm. (3) Definitions for other safety related terms are given in reference 3.
SASC
Specific Application Safety Case; SPPRAMSS-334 - [EN 50129:2018/AC:2019-04] ,SPPRAMSS-335 - [EN 50126-2:2017] {comment:104}
Scalability
Scalability refers to the ability of a system/sub-system to handle an increasing workload or expand its capacity without significantly impacting performance, efficiency, or cost.
Scenario
dynamic interaction between elements like the system and the actors, components or between functions
Scheduled stop
Planned stop for commercial or operational reasons.
Scheduled time of departure
Date and Time of departure for which the path is requested.
Scheduled Timetable
Chronologically defined occupation of rail infrastructure for a train movement on open line or in stations. Changes to the timetables will be supplied by the IM s at least 2 days before the commencement of the day when the train departs from its origin. This timetable applies to a specific day. Known in some countries as the Operational Timetable.
Schema meta-model
A data schema is implemented in a known language such as XSD/XML or JSON schema. This allows a computer program to parse data that are known to conform to this specific schema. The schema documents the semantics of data entities so that an intelligent reader can interpret the information in the data. Such a schema can be represented as a meta-model.
SCV-OB - Signal Converter-On-board
AU2
Second Authentication message
secondary functions
"Value analysis defines a “basic function” as anything that makes the product work or sell. A function that is defined as “basic” cannot change. Secondary functions, also called “supporting functions”, described the manner in which the basic function(s) were implemented. Secondary functions could be modified or eliminated to reduce product cost."
SecRAC
security-related application condition [SOURCE: CLC/TS 50701:2023]
SECTION TIMER
The timer associated with a section as part of the movement authority. When the timer reaches a value defined by the trackside equipment the section is no longer available and the movement authority for the train is reduced accordingly.
Sectional Runtime Calculation
Every train has a sectional minimal runtime depending on path, vehicle capabilities, rolling stock and driving strategy. Considering these inputs, a minimal runtime calculation for every single can carry out.
sectioning locations
electrical equipment located at intermediate locations between substations to supply and parallel contact lines and to provide protection, isolation and auxiliary supplies
SECTION
A part of the movement authority.
Secure Communication
defining an encrypted channel between two entities using TLS1.3
Secure Component
An implementation, as part of the rail automation system, which comprises system components, such as host devices, embedded devices, network devices or software applications, that implement security capabilities and consisting of a physical encasing, computing capabilities and network communication. Interfacing to SharedSecurity Services Examples of CCS secure components are object controller, trackside cabinet, IXL rack, ATO-OB, OBU, ATO-TS, IXL/RBC combination,…)
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer
SECURITY
The protection resulting from all measures, also administrative ones, to prevent accidental or malicious modification or disclosure of data; for key management, the protection generally guarantees confidentiality, authenticity and integrity of keys.
SREJ
Selective REJect
Selling
See Booking
SEMI-CONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION
Transmission taking place over a defined distance.
SEMP Link Rule.
Defines how certain Polarion workitems shall be linked. See: SEMP Link Rules overview
SEMP Process.
Defines a process in the SEMP. See: SEMP Processes
SEMP Requirements Types
* Common Business Objectives (CBO): High level objectives defining the mandate of the System Pillar. They are derived by Tasks and domains. They are not created in the Tasks and Domains. They can be formulated freely;{comment:48} * Railway Requirements: are operational epics that formulate concrete visions and user stories for the business target picture of an operational area (like CCS or Energy). The can be freely formulated but should follow the writing patterns of epics and user stories. They shall be specific enough to be assigned to exactly one System Pillar Task;{comment:49} * Operational Requirements: Are precise requirements that the Operational Analysis shall fulfil. {comment:24}They include PRAMSS and other non functional requirements; * Functional System Requirements: {comment:7}they are system requirements that the System Analysis, Logical Architecture or Subsystem Architecture shall fulfil and specify the functions of the System;{comment:14} * Non-Functional System Requirements: Are precise {comment:15}requirements that the System Analysis, Logical Architecture or Subsystem Architecture{comment:8} shall fulfil. They include PRAMSS and other non functional requirements.{comment:19} * Application Conditions + SRAC definitions: are precise requirements that the {comment:25}environment of the System In Use shall fulfill. They include physical needs, skill levels of maintenance personal, temperatures of server rooms, engineering rules, etc. The SRAC{comment:58} are specific application conditions relevant to safety.
SEMP Role Allocation.
Name of the person who has a certan role in a certain team. See: Tracker search for role allocations
SoC
Separation of Concerns
separation sections
equipment required to provide the transition between electrically different systems or between different phases of the same electrical system
series
a number of identical vehicles of a design type
serious accident
any train collision or derailment of trains resulting in the death of at least one person or serious injuries to five or more persons or extensive damage to rolling stock, the infrastructure or the environment, and any other accident with the same consequences which has an obvious impact on railway safety regulation or the management of safety; ‘extensive damage’ means damage that can be immediately assessed by the investigating body to cost at least EUR 2 million in total
‘serious accident’ means any train collision or derailment of trains resulting in the death of at least one person or serious injuries to five or more persons or extensive damage to rolling stock, the infrastructure or the environment, and any other accident with the same consequences which has an obvious impact on railway safety regulation or the management of safety; ‘extensive damage’ means damage that can be immediately assessed by the investigating body to cost at least EUR 2 million in total; [SOURCE: SPPRAMSS-337 - [Directive (EU) 2016/798] Article 3 Definitions (12) ]
serious injury (seriously injured person)
any person injured who was hospitalised for more than 24 hours as a result of an accident, excluding any attempted suicide
SAP
Service Access Point
SERVICE BRAKE COMMAND, ETCS
The ERTMS/ETCS service brake command results in the train applying the full service braking effort.
SBD
Service Brake Deceleration Curve
Service Brake or in the context of modes, Stand By mode
SERVICE BRAKING
Application of an adjustable brake force in order to control the speed of the train, including stop and temporary immobilisation.
Service Disruption
Means the unplanned stop of a train during operation, without any information regarding the continuation of the journey
service facility
the installation, including ground area, building and equipment, which has been specially arranged, as a whole or in part, to allow the supply of one or more services referred to in points 2 to 4 of Annex II
Service Provider
Responsible carrier for this specific transport stage. Party who receives and handles the booking.
Means the responsible entity providing any services linked to the transport of passengers
Service
See Transport service
SESSION, COMMUNICATION
The process of initiating and terminating an applicative dialogue between trackside and on-board via radio.
Session Key (same as KSMAC)
KSMAC
Session Key
SABME
Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended
SET SPEED
This is an input received from a function external to ETCS for display to the driver. It represents the speed value to which the train speed is regulated by an external device (e.g. by a cruise control system).
SHALL
Is mandatory.
Means that the definition is an absolute requirement of the specification
Shared Security Services
A collection of standardized interfaces of central security functions accessible for all Secure Components in the automation solution. Examples of shared security services are TIME, IAM, SSO, PKI, LOG, and BKP. The realization of the shared security services are also Secure Components and implement the requirements of the Secure Component Specification. The interfaces from Secure Components to Shared Security Service are identified by SSI-<Service name>.
Shipment
Wagons or intermodal loading units transported under the terms of a single consignment, irrespective of the quantity or number of containers, packages, or pieces. Also called consignment.
Short notice path request
Individual request for a path according to Directive 2012/34/EU, due to additional transport demands or operational needs.
Means the individual request for a path according to Article 23 of Directive 2001/14/EC due to additional transport demands or operational needs
Short Term processes
See Regular vs. Short Term processes
SHOULD NOT
This phrase, or the phrase ‘NOT RECOMMENDED’ mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the particular behaviour is acceptable or even useful, but the full implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed before implementing any behaviour described with this label.
SHOULD
Is recommended.
This word, or the adjective ‘RECOMMENDED’, mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
Shunter
a traction unit designed for use only on shunting yards, stations and depots
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment operating mode which allows the train to move in shunting, without available train data.
SHUNTING MODE
SHUNTING MOVEMENT
The movement of trains or vehicles other than normal passage along running lines. When vehicles are moved without train data available.
SHUNTING SIGNAL
A signal provided for shunting movements only. A fixed signal intended for shunting movements. In some cases Shunting signals at danger are valid also for train movements.
Siding
Any track(s) within an operational point which is not used for operational routing of a train.
SIGNAL LOCATION
The geographical location of a signal.
Signal Passed at Danger when passing a danger point
any occasion when any part of a train proceeds beyond its authorised movement and travels beyond the danger point
Signal Passed at Danger without passing a danger point
any occasion when any part of a train proceeds beyond its authorised movement but does not travel beyond the danger point
SPAD
Signal Passed at Danger
Signaller
Performer in charge of the route setting of trains/shunting movements and of issuing instructions to drivers.
SIGNALLING SYSTEM
Particular kind of system used on a railway to control and protect the operation of trains.
SIGNAL
A visual display device that conveys instructions or provides advance warning of instructions regarding the driver’s authority to proceed.
significant accident
any accident involving at least one rail vehicle in motion, resulting in at least one killed or seriously injured person, or in significant damage to stock, track, other installations or environment, or extensive disruptions to traffic, excluding accidents in workshops, warehouses and depots
significant damage to stock, track, other installations or environment
damage that is equivalent to EUR 150 000 or more
SIL - Safety Interity Level
(SIL2) Hazard mitigation
Safety requirement regarding activities for lowering the effect of a hazard. It reduces the damage to people, property, and the environment by lowering the frequency, damping the consequences. Unlike a safety invariant, a mitigation may not be enforced in a predictable fashion, for instance because it addresses hazards that cannot be influenced by they system themselves. For instance, trespassers on the track cannot be influenced by the railway system. A mitigation can be a realized by * fault detection (hazard will be detected), typically this needs additional activities * failure reaction (after detection the hazard will be excluded), typically this needs additional activities * SRAC safety application condition (hazard will be avoided principly)
(SIL4) Safety Invariant
Safety invariants are safety requirements typically designed to address SIL4 hazards. Safety invariants defining conditions or properties critical to avoid such a SIL4 hazrard. The safety invariant shall be maintained true at any time during operations so that the system does not enter into a hazardous state or condition. Safety invariants shall be constantly monitored and predictably enforced during operations. * Predictably enforced means that the system shall, by design, avoid to enter conditions deviating from the invariant. The acknowledge execution principle is normally applied (e.g., a train enters a switch only after the switch move to position is acknowledged as safey finished). As such, Invariants are often used in formal methods to validate the system design. They may also be input to fault tree analysis, or other safety assessment techniques to ensure the robustness and reliability of systems towards defects. * Continuously monitored means that the invariant fulfillment shall be measured continuously or frequently enough to detect deviations early enough to mitigate them effitciently. Deviations shall lead to a immediate corrective actions to prevent accidents or failures (safety reaction).
SOAP
Simple Object Access Protocol
SERA-CCS
For the railway sector, EU policy focuses on the main goal of establishing a single European railway area, an EU-wide system of railway networks which would allow the expansion of the rail sector based on * competition, * technical harmonization and * joint development of cross-border connections [see Building the single European railway area]. To this end, the EU aims to: * open and restructure the rail market * increase competitiveness by creating a level playing field for companies * develop infrastructure to ensure interoperability * improve efficiency in infrastructure use and safety * ensure fair prices for consumers{comment:5} SERA-CCS is understood to consist of those SERA objectives which are relevant for CCS (technical/operational target). It is defined by the following capabilities: * Provides Independence between Infrastructure Managers (IM) and Railway Undertakings (RU) or Vehicle Owners (VO): * No track access restriction or extra costs for a compliant RU/VO fleet/services accessing a given IM infrastructure compliant with SERA-CCS. * Non discriminatory access to IM services and capacity allocation across SERA-CCS IMs for compliant RU/VO fleet/services. * Ensures interoperability, which is the ability to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains that accomplish the specified levels of performance across different infrastructure networks (IMs) and the ability that an infrastructure network is able to interact with trains of different RUs/VOs. * Ensures Harmonized Operations, based on: * Radio-based CAB Signalling, * Automatic Train{comment:1} Operation (ATO), * Single licensing for Drivers and Signalers across SERA-CCS. * Provides Backwards Compatibility: * Compatibility is considered to be achieved for a particular combination of on-board and trackside when the on-board is able to run a normal service on that trackside. The expression “train is running a normal service” shall be understood as “a train not penalized because of a reduction of performance or safety”. * {comment:2}The full functionality of any old version shall always be available in any new version of SERA-CCS * Enables significantly lower life cycle costs having easy Upgradability, Scaleability, Adaptability and Changeability of Hardware and Software components/systems/subsystems * Consists of a Modular Architecture, both trackside and onboard: * Trackside and Onboard architecture are designed to allow for separate replacements/upgrades of individual sub-systems with reasonable integration effort. * Enables Interchangeability of hardware and software components/systems/subsystems across suppliers * The modular architecture shall also allow for situations where the replacement/upgrade of individual components from different suppliers is needed. {comment:4}
Single European Railway Area - Command Control and Signaling
SOLR
The SOLR is the balise group used by ERTMS/ETCS on-board as unique location reference to supervise all location items against the train position.
SINGLE ON-BOARD LOCATION REFERENCE
Situation
A logical combination of modes and states using logical operations (AND, OR, NOT) representing the superposition of modes and states occurring simultaneously at a given moment.
SLAVE ENGINE
Any engine that is not the leading Rolling Stock unit of a train or shunting consist. The ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment of the slave engine runs in one of the modes in which it is not controlling the movement of the train/shunting consist (non leading mode, sleeping mode, passive shunting mode).
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode that is used for the on-board equipment in slave engines controlled by a leading engine.
SLEEPING MODE
Soft Key Context-dependent key which consists of a Hard Key with an associated l...
Soft Key Context-dependent key which consists of a Hard Key with an associated label on the Display Area. When using a soft key technology, the driver action is done via the Hard Key adjacent to the label.
Software is software that encompasses both : the operating system and the computer application that runs the computer. They are both essential for the operation of a device.
Software
Source Address
SP - System Pillar
SP Plateau? Plateau Release? Plateau Specification?
specific case
any part of the rail system which needs special provisions in the TSIs, either temporary or permanent, because of geographical, topographical or urban environment constraints or those affecting compatibility with the existing system, in particular railway lines and networks isolated from the rest of the Union, the loading gauge, the track gauge or space between the tracks and vehicles strictly intended for local, regional or historical use, as well as vehicles originating from or destined for third countries
STM
Device allowing the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment to be interfaced with the on-board part of an existing National Train Control system. It allows smooth transitions from/to the National System and gives access to some ERTMS/ETCS on-board resources (e.g. DMI).
SPECIFIC TRANSMISSION MODULE
Specification task
* Result: specification for an artifact * Usually ends on CENELEC P4 * Left side of the CENELEC “V”
SPEED CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
The interval within which the ERTMS/ETCS on-board assumes the actual train speed with a defined probability.
SPOT TRANSMISSION
Transmission between trackside and on-board that takes place at discrete locations.
SRAC.
Safety related application condition.
SRD
Single Rules Database [SOURCE: ERA, https://www.era.europa.eu/domains/registers/srd_en ]
SRS
System Requirement Specifications
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode that allows a driver to take full responsibility for the movement of a train in an equipped area. The ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment will impose a speed limit in this mode.
STAFF RESPONSIBLE MODE
Staff
Employees working for a railway undertaking or an infrastructure manager, or their contractors, undertaking tasks as specified in this Regulation.
Stakeholder needs
These needs are taken into account for the definition of the System of interest. Note: In the Europe's Rail context, stakeholder needs are defined by valid input channels, which are - Decided SP Common Business Objectives as the top-level of the requirement tree, - Requirements proposed by any party and approved in the SP decision process according to SP governance.
Stakeholders
Any person or organisation with a reasonable interest in train service delivery e.g.: Railway Undertaking (RU), Shipment monitoring provider, Locomotive provider, Wagon provider, Driver/Train crew provider, Hump yard provider, Switch move provider, Service integrator, Slot provider (IM), Train controller (IM), Traffic manager, Fleet manager Ferry boat provider, Wagon, locomotive inspector, Wagon, locomotive repair provider, Shipment manager, Switching & humping provider, Logistic provider, Consignee, Consignor, For Intermodal in addition: Container Provider, Intermodal terminal operator, Drayage provider/Haulage company, Steam ship, Barge lines.
Means any person or organisation with a reasoned interest in train service delivery e.g.: — Railway undertaking, — Locomotive provider, — Coach provider, — Driver/train crew provider, — Infrastructure manager (IM), — Fleet manager, — Ferry boat operator, — Worker, — Ticket vendor, — Passenger
Stakeholder
Someone who is entitled to express needs for the system of interest. Note: In the Europe's Rail context, the list of stakeholders is defined by the members of the System Pillar Steering group and their delegates or speakers.
Characterizes a stakeholder
SCI-OP
Standard Communications Interface – Operational Plan
Standard Interfaces
Add definition for standard interfaces
SSI
Standard Security Interface
standard/routine operation
operational processes that routinely occur in the day-to-day of an operational railway network, both non-degraded operations and routine degraded operations. Standard/routine operation apply to all operational categories - i.e. All GoA levels,
STANDBY MODE
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode that is a default mode when the on-board equipment is powered up or that is entered when shunting or non-leading mode is left or when the active cab is closed.
STANDSTILL, ETCS
A state which is entered when the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment determines that the train is not moving, and which is left when the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment determines that the train is moving. Important note: The criteria for determining standstill are not harmonised. An ERTMS/ETCS on-board reporting “standstill” does not guarantee that there is no train movement at all.
SoM
Start of Mission
State Machine
collection of states connected by transitions
State Transition
A change of state toward itself or toward another state. A transition is characterised by a trigger which can be a boolean condition applied on certain model elements, such as functional exchanges.
State
Behavioural characteristics of the system or physical conditions imposed by the environment. States can be applied to elements such as actors and components.
Static contact force
Mean vertical force exerted upwards by the pantograph head on the OCL, and caused by the pantograph-raising device, whilst the pantograph is raised and the vehicle is standstill
SSP
The description of the fixed speed restrictions of a given line. The speed restrictions can be related to such items as maximum line speed, curves, points, tunnel profiles, bridges.
STATIC SPEED PROFILE
Station Manager
The station manager is an organisational entity in a Member State, which has been made responsible for the management of a railway station and which may be the infrastructure manager.
Means an organisational entity in a Member State, which has been made responsible for the management of a railway station and which may be the infrastructure manager
STATION
A place where trains stop, or where loading and unloading occurs, and where assistance may be available. Where there can be points (facing or trailing) that makes it possible for the train to use different routes.
Means a railway location where a passenger train can start, stop or end
Step-free route
A step-free route is a division of an obstacle-free route that meets the needs of mobility impaired persons. Changes in level are avoided or, when they cannot be avoided, they are bridged via ramps or lifts.
STIP Milestone.
Standardisation and TSI Input Plan Milestone
STM interface
Interface of the Specific Transition Module of a train
Stop aspect
Any signal aspect that does not allow the driver to pass the signal.
STOP SIGNAL
Any main signal capable of showing a stop danger aspect or indication. Position, from where no movement authority is given to a train. It is not necessarily a fixed signal.
Stopping point
A location identified in the schedule of a train where the train is planned to stop, usually to carry out a specific activity such as allowing passengers to join and leave the train.
storage siding
sidings specifically dedicated to temporary parking of railway vehicles between two assignments
STPA
System Theoretic Process Analysis [Source: J3187:202305]
A Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a hazard analysis technique based on control and system theory rather than the reliability theory underlying most existing hazard analysis techniques with the same goals as any hazard analysis technique, that is, to accumulate information about how hazards can occur.
Structure gauge
Defines the space in relation to the reference track that shall be cleared of all objects or structures and of the traffic on the adjacent tracks, in order to allow safe operation on the reference track. It is defined on the basis of the reference contour by application of the associated rules.
SQL
A language devised by IBM, then standardised by ANSI and ISO, which is used for creating, managing and retrieving data in relational databases
Structured Query Language
Struct
A struct is a named and organised structure for storing a set of coherent information items. It is a class without methods.
Sub Process (Activity)
Set of cohesive tasks of a process
Sub-system (sometimes called “Building Block”)
Sub-systems are along ARCADIA systems on System Level 5. Not to be confused with sub-systems in the TSI / interoperability directive. In the TSI / interoperability directive context a sub-system shall be regarded as a interoperability constituent A sub-system is a part of a system, which is not split into smaller entities. It represents a leaf element in the hierarchy of systems-of-systems. Physically speaking, a sub-system is either a piece of hardware plus software, or just a piece of software. A sub-system is a source able unit of the CCS system, in particular: * a sub-system can be individually tendered to a supplier, * a sub-system can be built individually by a supplier, * a sub-system must be integrated into a system, which includes all necessary test, verification, certification and validation activities depending on the level of harmonisation. The harmonisation of the sub-system’s features is to be defined according to the requested level: * Functional Apportionment, * Interoperability, * Exchangeability, or * Interchangeability.
SUB-SYSTEM
A combination of equipment, units, assemblies, etc., which performs an operational function and is a major subdivision of the system.
substations
[equipment] connected on the primary side to the high-voltage grid, with transformation of the high-voltage to a voltage and/or conversion to a traction power supply system suitable for the trains. On the secondary side, substations are connected to the railway contact line system.
Substitute carrier
Means a railway undertaking, which has not concluded a transport contract with the passenger, but to whom the railway undertaking that is party to the contract has entrusted, in whole or in part, the performance of the transport by rail
Substitution in the framework of maintenance
any replacement of components by parts of identical function and performance in the framework of maintenance, as defined in Article 2(17) of Directive (EU) 2016/797. It shall be made in accordance with the requirements of this TSI, whenever reasonably and economically feasible and it does not require an ‘EC’ verification.
any replacement of components by parts of identical function and performance in the framework of preventive or corrective maintenance
subsystems
the structural or functional parts of the Union rail system, as set out in Annex II
Subsystem
Subsystems are along ARCADIA systems with standard interfaces on System Level 5. Not to be confused with subsystems in the TSI / interoperability directive. A subsystem is a part of a system, which is not refined any further during the specification task(The term subsystem is used in this document following the referenced architecting standards, it does not correspond to the subsystem definition as in the Interoperability Directive.). It represents a leaf element in the hierarchy of systems-of-systems. A subsystem is defined by the following characteristics: * For each subsystem exists a set of specification documents, that allows a supplier to build that subsystem, ideally without the need for further documentation. * The level of strictness of the specification can be variable: * Interoperable specification: Strict standardisation of all interface aspects that are needed for to systems to fulfil a defined set of operational capabilities together on runtime. * Interchangeable specification: Standardisation of all interface aspects that are needed to exchange one of the systems with the lowest reasonable integration effort. * Core standardisation specification: An interoperable standardisation that defines a guaranteed minimum of interoperability, but allows and gives room for specific and perhaps incompatible extensions that are only used, when all involved systems have them. * Guideline: A recommended specification that can be used as a whole, or can be used partly or changed. * A subsystem can be implemented as software only, as hardware only, as a mixture of both depending on the strictness of the specification (the specification can leave that aspect open). * Each subsystem can be individually tendered to a supplier * Each subsystem can be built individually by a supplier * Each subsystem must be integrated into a system, which includes all necessary test, verification, certification and validation activities. Some non-functional requirements (e.g. weight constraints or physical dimension constraints) will be allocated to subsystems.
suicide
an act to deliberately injure oneself resulting in death, as recorded and classified by the competent national authority
SvL
Supervised Location
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment operating mode which allows a shunting consist to be supervised with a Movement Authority, while the engine and its active cab can be located anywhere in the consist.
SUPERVISED MANOEUVRE MODE
supervisory board
the most senior body of an undertaking that fulfils supervisory tasks, including the exercise of control over the management board and general strategic decisions regarding the undertaking
Supplier Certified Software: it implies that the suppliers provide software deve...
Supplier Certified Software: it implies that the suppliers provide software developed according to applicable quality/safety standards including a formal assessment according to the SIL defined by the input safety analysis.
SUPPORTED SYSTEM VERSION
A system version supported by the on-board equipment is one of the system versions the on-board equipment is able to operate. By definition, within one of its supported system version numbers X, the on-board equipment always operates one single system version number Y, which is the highest defined in the release of the ETCS specifications the on-board equipment is compliant with. Important note: if within a system version number X at least two values of Y have been defined, the fact that the on-board always operates/supports the highest value Y does not mean that it is not able to handle trackside information using a lower value of Y.
Support.
Used for support issues in Polarion
Swing nose
Within the domain of ‘common crossing with movable point’, the term ‘swing nose’ identifies the part of the crossing which forms the vee and that it is moved to form a continuous running edge for either the main or the branch line.
Switch Physical component which allows a selection of 2 to N states and keeps th...
Switch Physical component which allows a selection of 2 to N states and keeps the state until its position is changed.
Switches and crossings
Track constructed from sets of switches and individual crossings and the rails connecting them.
A unit of track comprising two fixed rails (stock rails) and two movable rails (switch rails) used to direct vehicles from one track to another track.
Switch
a switch is a device that opens or closes electrical circuits.
Electrical switch. Closes or opens a circuit.
(System) Actor
Actors are entities outside the system (either humans or other technical systems) that interact with the system.
external entity (human, system, ...) interacting with the system of interest through its interfaces
System Analysis Concept
System and Innovation Programme Board
System and Innovation Programme Board advises the Executive Director on project and programme management of the JU including interaction between the two pillars as well as change management and conflicts, supported by the System Pillar Core Group
SAD
System Architecture Description
System Capability
A System capability is a service an actor requires from the system to fulfil its business goals. System capabilities are realised by exploiting one or multiple Functions, usually in a chain of functions. System capabilities in terms of this document are very similar to Use cases and the theory behind it.
Ability of the system to provide a service that support the realisation of high-level operational objectives (including the contribution of the system to an operational capability).
SDLC
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured approach or methodology used in system engineering to guide the creation, deployment, and maintenance of systems. It provides a systematic framework for managing and controlling the entire process of building a system, from inception to retirement. The SDLC provides a structured approach to system development, ensuring that all necessary activities are carried out in a logical and controlled manner. It helps in managing risks, controlling costs, and delivering high-quality systems that meet stakeholder expectations.
System Development Life Cycle
SEMP
System Engineering Management Plan
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode entered when a fatal failure which could affect safety is found.
SYSTEM FAILURE MODE
System Function
A function derived during system analysis.
System Levels
The following figure shows the decomposition of a system of systems on one consistent example spanning 5 layers of refinement. Level 5 is the actual subsystem layer and is visually integrated into the bottom layer in the following figure to be able to show the relationship to logical components. (image: 1-screenshot-20221229-202431.png) Figure {caption:Figure}: System Level 1-5 combined view
SYSTEM LIFE-CYCLE
The system lifecycle and associated terms are defined in reference 3.
System mission (deprecated)
high-level objective of the system
System National mode
System Of Systems
According to ISO 21839, a system of systems is set of systems that interact to provide a unique capability that none of the constituent systems can accomplish on its own. A system of systems in our understanding at least comprises two constituent systems. A system of systems itself can be nested as a constituent system in a larger system of systems, i.e. system of systems can span multiple levels recursively.
System Pillar Core Group
System Pillar Core Group Manages the common business objectives and deliverables from the Tasks
SPC
System Pillar Coregroup
System Pillar Deliverables (“output documents”)
Deliverables are “output documents” that are automatically or manually created and exported from the engineering database (ALM) in the predefined structure of the SP deliverable templates List of deliverables per subsystem (System Level 5). ORS is done for System Level 3, and then tailored for the subsystems (especially CONEMP processes are done only on System Level 5). System specific Operational Requirement Specification (ORS) D2.1 As-Is analysis D2.2 Referred CBO and railway requirements D2.3 Problem analysis and derived process improvements D2.4 Application categories D2.5 Operational requirements (incl. non-functional and process requirements) D2.6 Operational entities and actor D2.7 Operational capabilities D2.8 PRAMSS targets, strategies and indicators D2.9 Operational processes D2.10 Operational hazards and risks D2.11 Rule books for all actors D2.12 The concept for the operational migrationFunctional Requirement Specification (FRS) D3.1 System definition D3.2 Detailed system actor descriptions and roles D3.3 System capabilities D3.4 Functional chains and sequences per capability D3.5 Function specification D3.6 Functional hazards and risksSystem requirement Specification (SRS) D4.1 Architecture of systems of the next level (if standardized) D4.2 Functional allocation to logical components D4.3 Physical architecture D4.4 Technical and physical hazards and risks D4.5 The technical migration strategy is defined D4.6 System requirements and interface specification, incl. legacy adpaters D4.7 Non-functional System requirementsApplication specification (ARS) D5.1 Release and Implementation Configurations D5.2 Application conditions, CSM/CST, HSI Plan D5.3 Application/life cycle/usage guideline/rules D5.4 Engineering and maintenance guideline/rules D5.5 Validation and test specificationValidation and test specification (VRS) D6.1 Model checking specification D6.2 Simulation/test environment specification D6.3 Simulation/test/validation cases and dataStandardisation and CCM documentation D7.1 Standardisation packages and publications D7.2 External quality and experience monitoring for the standard is set up D7.2 External change management documentation
SPDT
System Pillar Domain Team
SPSG
System Pillar Steering Group monitoring the progress of the System Pillar
System Pillar Steering Group
System Pillar Unit Chairs the System Pillar Core Group
System Requirement Specification
System Requirements Specification
System Requirements
define the constraints that affect the whole or a significant proportion of the system and include: * Physical Attributes: * System Style * System Size * System Weight * The 'RAMI' properties: * System Reliability * System Availability * System Maintainability * System Interoperability
System Requirement.
A System Requirement defines a capability of a linked system. It represents a task for designers and validators.
SuC
System under Consideration [SOURCE: SPPRAMSS-4697 - [EN IEC 62443-3-2:2020]]
System under Consideration
SYSTEM VERSION
The system version defines the ERTMS/ETCS mandatory functions that ensure technical interoperability between ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment and trackside.
SYSTEMATIC FAULT
An inherent fault in the specification, design, construction, installation, operation or maintenance of a system, sub-system or equipment affecting multiple pieces of equipment under identical circumstances.
System/Logical Relationships
SYSTEM
A composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of performing or supporting an operational role, or both. A complete system includes all equipment, related facilities, material, software, services and personnel required for its operation and support to the degree that it can be considered a self-sufficient unit in its intended operational environment.
According to ISO 15288 a system is “a combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes. “. In terms of this document, a system in black box view is furthermore defined by: * interfaces to actors outside the system, defining the system boundary * at least one function allocated to it * at least one system capability that the system delivers as a service to the actors A system in white box view can be further refined into (exclusive or): * into a more granular systems, hence making itself to a system of systems * into subsystems on the lowest level of system of systems refinement In both cases, a system is a conceptual entity that aggregates the properties of its constituents but is not the element that defines the properties itself. A system is hence subject to the emerging properties of its constituents. Example: The system “onboard CCS” does not define the properties of this system itself, the properties emerge from the combined properties of the subsystems “ETCS core”, “Onboard localization” and “Onboard map” (examples only). Usage context definitions of term „system“: * Constituent system: according to ISO 21839, a system that forms part of a system of systems * System of interest: according to ISO 21839, a system whose life cycle or properties are under consideration in a given context
Subject of interest of the engineering activities described by ARCADIA, which is also an organized collection of elements working as a whole.
Tactile Controls
controls, which include raised pictograms, raised characters or Braille lettering.
Tactile Signs
signs, which include raised pictograms, raised characters or Braille lettering.
Tailoring of requirement breakdown
SoS engineering can go wrong (quite often) if done in an overengineered and abstract way. If every artefact is created on every System Level (e.g. 5-7 levels and types or requirements that are broken down), the workload is artificially multiplied without need, and this policy is not creating a really good work split. To avoid this, every work process uses a tailoring approach which means * “Copy” (reference) things from a higher level, if possible like they are * Break up and translate through the levels that you really need, and not more. * Be sure that the right requirements are broken down to System Level 5 specification and to support concept definition in projects and manage the system, its performance and standards management. * Operational rulebooks include all that is needed. * Support design phases in managing requirement allocation, interfaces managements, testing planning. Engineering rules are complete and fulfilling the requirements * Support integration phase supporting data analysis, simulation process, anomaly resolution Programs can fail (cost, duration, time to market) because of too long and intense workout on System Level 1-4 (overengineered analytical architecting) without getting to real implementation specification and questions. If for example a high level requirement coming from the stakeholders can be addressed directly to System Level 5 without risk, this should be done. This is a (workflow) “tailoring” decision to be taken in the functional teams. Wrong approach: Breakdown every work item on every level. Right approaches: * Specific workflow tailoring, and * Generic workflow tailoring “Specific (workflow) tailoring” (intelligent work assignment per work item) = Single work items are only assigned on levels, where work is really needed (image: 1-image1.png) Second example for specific workflow tailoring: Two different process break downs * Op. process “Emergency stop of a train”, splits up “untailored” into work assignments… * System level 1/2: Define generic roles of CCS and TMS in this case * System Level 3 TMS: Define TMS process for it * System Level 3 CCS: Define generic roles and basic information flow of Level 4 CCS Systems for it * …. * System Level 4/5 Traffic CS: …. * System Level 4/5 Train CS: … * … * Operational process “Reset object controller” shall be tailored into these work assignments * System Level 1/2: Skipped * System Level 3: Delegate interface coordination to Traffic CS / Trackside Asset CS * System Level 4/5 Traffic CS: Define process for the remote reset * System Level 4/5 Traffic CS: Define process for the local OC reset * System Level 4/5 Trackside Asset CS: Define process for the remote OC reset * System Level 4/5 Trackside Asset CS: Define process for the local OC reset Consequence: With specific workflow tailoring, the analytical system levels are incomplete (see table above). “Generic (Workflow) Tailoring” = Certain work item types are worked out only on certain layers Example: Examples: | CBO | Requirements | Operational Processes | Logical Components System Level 1/2 | X | X | Business process | System Level 3/4 | | X | X | System Level 5 | | X | X | XCoordination of “tailoring” is the main role of all “functional teams” (see chapter later in the document). A good tailoring fulfils the following requirements * Work is parallelized early and in a precise way (independent work) * No “dummy” work items just for the sake of symmetric work item break downs in the system of systems * The derivation process does not “block” everything because of sequential working dependencies * The level of details of the specification is always only as good as needed on System Level 1-4 (analytical clarification = work preparation) so that the teams working on System Level 5 know what to do. * A domain team on System Level 5 – the real specification level – can concentrate on its local work functions, engineering rules, and the collaboration with other domain teams concerning concrete interfaces * A task level architecture team (ARC, OD, MIG) just focusses on the role to provide all needed specifications (especially requirements, process definitions, functional allocation) that enables the work on System Level 5 Team - without already creating too much design “Tailoring” is the work to dynamically assign work items to the system level that shall work on them. A tailoring process is executed by a functional team. The typical workflow for tailoring is * An “inbox” (automated workflow, state driven) for new/changed work items is automated (e.g. inbox for new requirements, or for a proposal of process design change) * Some work items can be assigned automatically by rules (generic tailoring) * Else: The responsible person (role owner in the functional team) checks (evtl. discusses) the new work item * The new work item is assigned to a system level and team. This happens to all types of inputs and changes. Conclusions: * Do only the minimal needed work on System Level 1-4, needed to get good Level 5 specifications, rulebooks, etc. * Apply a generic tailoring to avoid that everybody is working on the same things * Design a workflow that assigns work items dynamically to the right level.
TANDEM
Two or more traction units mechanically but not electrically coupled together, used in the same train. Each traction unit requires a separate driver. Only one unit is designated as leading, the other units are therefore classed as non-leading.
TAP - Telematics Application for Passenger Service
target picture
The following are considered minimum characteristics (baseline) for the targeted solution: * Operational processes directly related to the railway traffic commercial production are harmonised. This includes ETCS related processes, processes for securing and releasing railway lines/areas to/from maintenance and commissioning, operating through and recovering from degraded (non-regular) operations, reacting to and managing emergency situations (from operational perspective). * Railway system operates ETCS L2, without signals. * Railway system operates EULYNX type equipment.
TSM
Target Speed Monitoring
Target System
the target architecture of the signalling system as a whole
TARGET
Location where the train speed should be below the given target speed
Tariff
Means a specific set of fares available on a given train, on a given day for a given O-D leg of the journey. Tariffs may be grouped in different categories (such as public fares, Group fares, etc.)
A Task implements part of the functionality provided by a Functional Application. Depending on its role in the overall function provided by the Functional Application, it has a specific SIL assigned (in-line with total FA SIL definition). It may run replicated in multiple Compartments as Task Replicas. Previous definition: A Functional Application Task implements part of the functionality provided by a Functional Application. Depending on its role in the overall function provided by the Functional Application, it has a specific SIL assigned (in-line with total FA SIL definition). It may run replicated in multiple Compartments as FA Task Replicas.
Task
TCMS - Train Control & Management System
TCO
Total Cost of Ownership
TDS - Train Display System
Technical Committee
technical delay
delay incurred in performing auxiliary technical actions associated with, but not part of, the maintenance action EXAMPLE Rendering the equipment safe (such as immobilising, cooling, isolation and grounding). [SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015,192-07-15]
Technical Document
Means any technical document published by the European Railway Agency pursuant to Article 5(8) of Directive 2008/57
TAF/TAP TSI
Technical Specification for Interoperability relating to Telematics Applications for Freight/Passenger Services
Technical Specification for Interoperability relating to Telematics...
TSI
Technical Specification for Interoperability
Means a specification adopted in accordance with Directive 2008/57/EC by which each subsystem or part subsystem is covered in order to meet the Essential Requirements and ensure the interoperability of the rail system
a specification adopted in accordance with Directive (EU) 2016/797 by which each subsystem or part of a subsystem is covered in order to meet the essential requirements and ensure the interoperability of the Union rail system
a specification adopted in accordance with this Directive by which each subsystem or part of a subsystem is covered in order to meet the essential requirements and ensure the interoperability of the Union rail system
TSIs
the specifications by which each subsystem or part of a subsystem is covered in order to meet the essential requirements and to ensure the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed and conventional rail systems as defined in Directives 96/48/EC and 2001/16/EC
Technical Specifications for Interoperability
technical specification
a document that prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, subsystem, process or service
TELEGRAM
A balise telegram contains one header and an identified and coherent set of packets. A balise group message maybe comprised of one or several telegrams.
TAF
Telematic Applications for Freight
TAF/TAP
Telematics Applications for Freight/Passenger Services
Telematics Applications for Freight
TAP
Telematics Applications for Passenger Services
Telematics Applications for Passengers
TCR
Temporary Capacity Restrictions
Temporary Capacity Restriction
Temporary Shunting Area (TShA) A temporary shunting area is an interlocked area...
Temporary Shunting Area (TShA) A temporary shunting area is an interlocked area{comment:15} temporarily set up to allow shunting operations. A temporary shunting area is always under the responsibility of a Shunting area manager. (OR.DEF.161 - Banedanmark)
TSR
A planned speed restriction imposed for temporary conditions such as track maintenance.
TEMPORARY SPEED RESTRICTION
Term Status Description Operating state draft The operating state describes the...
Term | Status | Description Operating state | draft | The operating state describes the current state of production: * how trains move* where trains are* which route is set in control system* status of assetsThis information is based on inputs from control systems. Capacity | draft | The total overall capability of the infrastructure that can be utilised by traffic or by maintenance. Capacity may apply to specific geographic sectors like stations or lines. Capacity usage must be requested, which results in capacity demand. Capacity Restriction | draft | Capacity restriction is a temporary full or partial unavailability of network infrastructure due to construction works, maintenance, inspection works or due to environmental influences and disruptions. Capacity Planning | draft | Capacity Planning is an instrument to determining the total theoretically available capacity supply (max. number of journeys per direction) and compare it to demand. Capacity can be requested from long term to short term (ad hoc slot ordering). Capacity planning supports the planning along all-time horizons (strategic to short term). Capacity Plan | draft | The capacity plan comprises any planned capacity usage (traffic and construction works) at any point in time during the planning period. The aim is a consistent and conflict free capacity plan. Capacity Production | draft | Capacity production is the implementation of the operational plan. Capacity production begins when the train starts its scheduled mission and ends with when it ends. Conflict | draft | A conflict is any difference between the operational plan and the forecast, regardless of any actual need for intervention to resolve it. Dispatching | draft | Dispatching is the sum of actions intended to make modifications the operational plan. Deviation | draft | A deviation is any difference between the operational plan and the actual state of traffic; unlike a conflict, deviations may only be mitigated but not solved. Decision | draft | A decision is a single action intended to make a modification the operational plan. Forecast | draft | The forecast displays the future state of traffic. It based on the current operational state. The forecast projects the current operational plan into the future. A forecast for each train run under consideration of mutual train influence is processed (train run time, section run time, minimal section run time, detailed topology, headways and train sequence, circulation, connection, etc.). Operational Plan | draft | Analogous to the capacity plan, the operational plan supplies the train and traffic control and all other components with the operational train data. The operational plan is fed from the active timetable buffer and contains all trains (from the timetable buffer) that are currently in their operational time window. The operational plan is the result of various influences (decisions from dispatching, map data, etc.). It is updated every single minute. Master Data | draft | Master data represents "data about the business entities that provide context for business transactions".
Terminal Operator
Means an organisational entity, which has been made responsible for the management of a marshalling yard, multimodal or intermodal terminal, port terminal
Test Case.
Defines a setup for a test run
Testability
A sub-system that is not designed for testability will not be ready to show that it fulfils the requirements needed by the overall system. Testability is not an attribute of the sub-system/module itself but has to be designed into architecture and interfaces.{comment:1299}
TETA
See Train Estimated Time of Arrival
Text.
Used for any type of sketching, non-papers, protocols, etc.
ERTMS/ATO
The ATO part of ERTMS
ERTMS/ETCS
The ETCS part of ERTMS
ERTMS/FRMCS
The FRMCS part of ERTMS
ERTMS/GSM-R
The GSM-R part of ERTMS
The set of all traces together is called a “model”.
The "Trace" for a work item chain/tree/graph
* A Trace is a chain of all linked work items (a “directed graph” of nodes and links), that resolve all dependencies of a single work item * Example trace (in this case a “simple tree of nodes”, but can also be more complex): * A common business objective is solved by * a list of operational capabilities and requirements which are implemented in * a list of operational processes which need * a list of system capabilities and functions which are allocated in * logical components that are implemented in * physical subsystems which have * a list of precisely defined interfaces and * engineering rules.. * A trace is valid if all derivations are complete and correct. * A trace is complete if all dependencies are resolved by specified and verified work items (down to the implementation of detailed operational rulebooks and system handbooks, engineering rules and FFFiS interface specifications) * The overall specification is complete when all objectives, operational capabilities, and operational requirements are resolved by complete traces. * Example of the trace of one requirement (red node) down to functions, processes and components (other colours) (image: 1-Grafik_1780564629.png)
AU3
Third Authentication message
Third party
Means any public or private undertaking, which is not a railway undertaking or infrastructure manager and provides services ancillary to, or in connection with, the services/transport services
Through route
In the context of switches and crossings a route which perpetuate the general alignment of the track.
route through the train which can be entered and exited from different ends and which permits the movement of passengers and staff, along the longitudinal axis of the train without obstruction. Interior doors on the through route which are intended to be used by passengers in normal service and which can also be opened in case of power failure are considered not to obstruct the movement of passengers and staff.
Through ticket
Means a ticket or tickets representing a transport contract for successive railway services operated by one or more railway undertakings
a ticket or tickets representing a transport contract for successive railway services operated by one or more railway undertakings
This is an organisation empowered to inspect passenger tickets. Mostly a carrier. If necessary, the TCO is to deliver security certificates for the International Rail Ticket for Home Printing (IRTHP) to the distributors
Ticket Controlling Organisation
TOD
Means a fulfilment method where the customer makes its purchase in advance (e.g. at home) and collects the ticket in the departure Station, at a ticket counter or vending machine
Ticket On departure
Ticket vendor
Means any retailer of rail transport services concluding transport contracts and selling tickets on behalf of a railway undertaking or for its own account
Ticket
Means a material or immaterial registration entitling a passenger to contractually use one or more commercial transport services offered by one or more railway undertakings
TTI
Time to Indication
Timeframe
amount of years for a certain level of equipment or migration phase
Timetable
Means the list of commercial transport services offered by a railway undertaking during a given time interval
Document or system that gives details of a train(s) schedule over a particular route.
Timing point
A location identified in the schedule of a train where a specific time is identified. This time may be an arrival time, departure time or in the case of a train not scheduled to stop at that location the passing time.
TIMS - Train Integrity Management System
TLS endpoint
The TLS endpoint is a Secure Component using TLS-protected communication (client and server).
TLS
Transport Layer Security (source: SPPRAMSS-1705 - [UNISIG Subset-146] )
TMS Daily Topology
Exact physical and topological description of the current state of railway infrastructure on a daily basis.
TO BE REUSED
Tool Requirement.
Used to store issues for the optimisation of Polarion
Tool
An instrument that, when applied to a particular method, can enhance the efficiency of the task, provided it is applied properly and by somebody with proper skills and training.
TWG
Topical Working Group
Topology Master Data Validation & Import
Checks Master Data/Topology according to safety rules. To ensure high quality Master Data the validation process checks the data against inconsistent and prove it on rightness.
Touch Controller Controller which manages the states and failures of a Touch Pan...
Touch Controller Controller which manages the states and failures of a Touch Panel.
Tour Operator
Means an organiser or retailer, other than a railway undertaking, within the meaning of Article 2, points (2) and (3) of Directive 90/314/EEC
Tracing
Activity at request of finding and reconstructing the transport history of a given consignment, vehicle, equipment, package or cargo.
track buckle or other track misalignment
any fault related to the continuum and the geometry of track, requiring track to be placed out of service or immediate restriction of permitted speed
TRACK CONDITION
Information transmitted to the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment to inform the driver and/or the train of conditions ahead. This information is dedicated to other functions than the speed and distance monitoring.
TRACK DESCRIPTION
Information complementing the Movement Authority and providing as a minimum the, static speed profile and gradient profile. Optionally, it can contain axle load profile, track conditions, route suitability data, areas where shunting is permitted, etc.
Track design
The track design consists of cross-section defining basic dimensions and track components (for example rail, rail fastenings, sleepers, ballast) used together with operating conditions with an impact on forces related to 4.2.6., such as axle load, speed and radius of horizontal curvature.
Track footprint
The track Footprint of an object is defined for a specific track. It is the perpendicular projection of this object's ground footprint on the track center line. Notes: The definition corresponds to UNISIG's occupancy, without consideration fix-block / moving block. This definition is weak for intersections of two vehicles near points, where the width of vehicles has to be considered (e.g. with a fouling point indicator near the track) and for level crossings, because the road users are not associated with the rail track.
TRACK FREE
A route being detected clear of obstacles such that permission may be given for a train to enter that route.
Track gauge
The smallest distance between lines perpendicular to the running surface intersecting each rail head profile in a range from 0 to 14 mm below the running surface.
TRACK GEOMETRY
The physical arrangement of the track in terms of curvature, gradient and cant.
track km
the length measured in kilometres of the railway network in Member States, whose scope is laid down in Article 2. Each track of a multiple-track railway line is to be counted
TRACK OCCUPIED
An object in a route that prevents that route being offered to a train.
Track twist
Track twist is defined as the algebraic difference between two cross levels taken at a defined distance apart, usually expressed as a gradient between the two points at which the cross level is measured.
TRACK-TO-TRAIN TRANSMISSION
The transmission of ERTMS/ETCS messages from trackside equipment to the train via balise, loop or radio. Using intermittent transmission (balise or loop or radio infill) the information can only be transmitted to a train passing the transmission unit.
Tracking
Activity of systematically monitoring and recording the present location and status of a given consignment, vehicle, equipment, package or cargo.
TACS
The scope of the system Trackside assets control and supervision is the layer with trackside assets and respective objects controllers. The system is responsible for the control and supervision of the trackside assets to ensure safe track usage as required by the system Traffic Control and Supervision. The system supports diagnostic, maintenance and security functions as required by the system Transversal CCS.
Trackside Assets Control and Supervision
Trackside Assets
All technical systems and products that are necessary for safe train operation from infrastructure perspective that are not located in the train.
Trackside control-command and signalling
all the trackside equipment required to ensure safety and to command and control movements of trains authorised to travel on the network.
TRACKSIDE EQUIPMENT
The equipment with the aim of exchanging information with the vehicle for safely supervising train circulation. The information exchanged between track and trains can be either continuous or intermittent according to the ERTMS/ETCS level of application and to the nature of the information itself.
TRK
Trackside
Traction Cut Off
TRACTION UNIT
A powered vehicle able to move itself and other vehicles to which it may be coupled.
Trade-space factor
"trade-space factors" represent the different factors/characteristics defining the solution space/alternatives. From this trade-off playspace containing set of good/acceptable solutions, we will need to identify the optimal one (i.e. "best" trade-off).
TMS
Traffic Management System
Traffic Management System (double, needs to be deleted)
Traffic Management System is used to manage the operation of the railway system and to ensure efficient recovery when unexpected traffic disruptions occur.
Traffic Manager Operational Area of Control defines the region under the respons...
Traffic Manager Operational Area of Control defines the region under the responsability of only one Traffic Manager
Train crew
Members of the on-board staff of a train, who are certified as competent and appointed by a railway undertaking to carry out specific, designated safety related tasks on the train, for example the driver or the guard.
TRAIN DATA
Defined set of data which gives information about the train. Data that characterises a train and which is acquired by ERTMS/ETCS in order to perform a mission.
Train despatch
The indication to the person driving the train that all station or depot activities are completed and that, as far as the staff responsible are concerned, movement authority has been granted for the train.
TRAIN DETECTION
The proof of the presence or absence of trains on a defined section of line.
Train Dispatcher: A Train Dispatcher is an Infrastructure Manager operator that...
Train Dispatcher: A Train Dispatcher is an Infrastructure Manager operator that acts from a workstation in the Control Room in order to direct and facilitate the movement of trains over an assigned territory, which is usually part, or all, of a railroad operating division. The dispatcher is also responsible for cost effective movement of trains and other on-track railroad equipment to optimize physical (trains) and human resource (crews) assets.”
Train Display System Controller The TDS Controller interacts with system (CCS, T...
Train Display System Controller The TDS Controller interacts with system (CCS, TCMS,CVR) and manages the Desk Display Area.
Train Display System (TDS) The Train Display System is the train cab display sys...
Train Display System (TDS) The Train Display System is the train cab display system that comprises and manages one or more displays on the driver desk and a driver interface. It is composed of at least one display with the associated input devices, at least one loudspeaker and at least one Train Display System Controller. It offers a standardised communication interface to systems that need driver interaction.
train driver
a person capable and authorised to drive trains, including locomotives, shunting locomotives, work trains, maintenance railway vehicles or trains for the carriage of passengers or goods by rail in an autonomous, responsible and safe manner
Means the Estimated time of arrival of a train at a specific point, e.g. handover point, interchange point, train destination
Train Estimated time of Arrival
Train Integrity Monitoring
Onboard monitoring system that makes sure that during a train ride the train is still complete and has not accidentally split. Function of ETCS Level 3
TRAIN INTEGRITY
The level of belief in the train being complete and not having left coaches or wagons behind.
TIU
The unit, inside the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment, that provides the interface between the ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment and the train.
TRAIN INTERFACE UNIT
Train Interface
Train length
The length of a train, which can run on a certain line in normal operation.
Train Localisation is a new function inside of the ASTP CCS onboard interoperability constituent, making use of new sensor technologies in a multi-sensor fusion approach: * The main tasks is to provide an absolute train position (in global coordinates in e.g. WS89 or km along a known track ID) * Besides this it provides velocity and travelled distance with high accuracy, reliability and safety (SIL 4 integrity level). (image: 2-ASTP.png)
Train Localisation
TRAIN MOVEMENT
When vehicles are moved with train data available, as a rule from station to station, and as a rule under the authority of proceed aspects from main signals, or similar procedures.
TRAIN ORIENTATION, ETCS
If there is an active cab, this one defines the orientation of the train, i.e. the side of the active cab is considered as determining the front of the train. If no cab is active, the train orientation is defined by the last active cab. Exception: from the time the first Supervised Manoeuvre authorisation is received to the time the mission is either ended or continued in Non Leading mode, the train orientation is determined by the direction of the Movement Authority in the last received Supervised Manoeuvre authorisation, regardless of the position of the engine in the shunting consist and of which of its cab(s) is active.
Train path
See ‘path’
Means the train route defined in time and space
the infrastructure capacity needed to run a train between two places over a given period
TRAIN POSITION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
The distance interval within which the ERTMS/ETCS on-board assumes the actual train position is, with a defined probability. It comprises the odometer over-reading and under-reading amounts, plus twice the location accuracy of the reference balise group.
Train preparation
Ensuring that a train is in a fit condition to enter service, that the train equipment is correctly deployed and the train composition matches the train's designated route(s). Train preparation also includes technical inspections carried out prior to the train entering service.
TPS
a system that helps to enforce obedience to signals and speed restrictions
Train Protection System
Train running interrupted
Means that the continuation of the train is unknown based on local circumstances at the time and in the opinion of the parties involved. If the Delay is known, the infrastructure manager sends a train running forecast message
TRAIN RUNNING NUMBER
A number under which the train is operated.
A number under which the train is operated. Reference: Glossary of Terms and Abbreviation. SUBSET-023. Issue 4.0.0
Train Time of Estimated Arrival
Estimated Time of Arrival of a train at a specific point, e.g. handover point, interchange point, destination of the train.
TRAIN TRIP
Initiated when a train passes an EOA/LOA, excluding any occasion when a suppress facility is used, and causes an immediate application of the emergency brake.
Train-centric Track Occupancy
With train-centric approach the trackside focus is on representing a railway vehicle with an extent in a topology rather than on representing anonymous occupancy states of fixed sizes reported by TTD systems as in today's conventional block-centric signaling systems. In other words, the term "train-centric" refers to a "train-oriented" view of the trackside system about the track occupation caused by a railway vehicle, e.g., an ETCS-equipped train. This view is achieved by fusion of localisation information from both train and trackside. A train-centric track occupancy determination is based primarily on localisation information received from the railway vehicle, e.g., from trains sent via ETCS Train Position Reports. The trackside system will also take into account additional trackside localisation information if available such as Trackside Train Detection (TTD) inputs, for example to: * Adjust the trackside view of track occupancy by train, based on clear TTD sections at the front or rear of the train * Detect movement of non-communicating railway vehicles, e.g., trains/wagons not equipped with ETCS and trains equipped with ETCS that have lost communication * Handle degraded situations, such as loss of train integrity.
train-km
the unit of measure representing the movement of a train over one kilometre. The distance used is the distance actually run, if available, otherwise the standard network distance between the origin and destination shall be used. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account.
TRAIN-TO-TRACK TRANSMISSION
The transmission of ERTMS/ETCS messages from the train to trackside equipment via radio.
training centre
an entity accredited or recognised by the competent authority to give training courses
Trainset
a fixed formation that can operate as a train; it is by definition not intended to be reconfigured, except within a workshop environment. It is composed of only motored or of motored and non-motored vehicles
“Train” something
Create Training material, provide training, support trained people
train
an operational formation consisting of several units
one or more railway vehicles hauled by one or more locomotives or railcars, or one railcar travelling alone, running under a given number or specific designation from an initial fixed point to a terminal fixed point, including a light engine, i.e. a locomotive travelling on its own
One or more railway vehicles hauled by one or more traction units, or one traction unit travelling alone, running under a given operational number from an initial fixed point to a terminal fixed point.
an operational formation consisting of one or more units
Definition of OPE TSI: A train is defined as (a) traction unit(s) with or without coupled railway vehicles with train data available operating between two or more defined points.
A train is defined as (a) traction unit(s) with or without coupled railway vehicles with train data available operating between two or more defined points.
tram-train
a vehicle designed for combined use on both a light-rail infrastructure and a heavy-rail infrastructure
TEN
Trans-European Network
Trans-European rail network
Means the rail network as described in Annex 1 to Directive 2008/57/EC
TEN-T
Trans-European Transport Network based on EU-Regulation No 1315/2013
Trans-European Transport Network
Transhipment
The operation of moving intermodal loading units from one means of transport to another.
TRANSITION BUFFER
In case of level transition or RBC/RBC handover, it refers to the on-board storage containing trackside information not used immediately and that is evaluated at the time the level transition is performed or at the time the Accepting RBC becomes the supervising one, respectively.
TRANSITIONS
The controlled changes between operating modes and / or levels
transit
crossing territory of the Union without loading or unloading goods, and/or without picking up passengers or setting them down in territory of the Union
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TRANSMISSION MODE TABLE
The Transmission mode table contains the transmission mode for each known ETCS ID (i.e. RBC).
TRANSPONDER
See Balise and Eurobalise
TCEPID
Transport Connection EndPoint IDentifier
Transport Connection
Transport contract
Means a contract of carriage for consideration or free of charge between a railway undertaking or a ticket vendor and the passenger for the provision of one or more transport services
KTRANS
Transport Key
Transport Layer Security [TLS]
TLS is normally implemented on top of TCP in order to encrypt Application Layer protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP and IMAP, although it can also be implemented on UDP, DCCP and SCTP as well (e.g. for VPN and SIP-based application uses). This is known as Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and is specified in RFCs 6347, 5238 and 6083.
Transport Layer Security
Transport mode
Means a generic type of vehicle capable of transporting passengers (train, plane, bus, etc.)
TP2
Transport Protocol Class 2
TPDU
Transport Protocol Data Unit
Transport Protocol
TSAP
Transport Service Access Point
TSDU
Transport Service Data Unit
Transport service provider
Means any private or public company authorised to transport people in domestic or international passenger traffic. A ‘transport service provider’ accepts travel documents issued by the accredited sales points of its distributors. It plays the role of the contractual carrier with which the passenger has entered into a contract of carriage. Execution of the transport service may be entrusted, in part or in full, to a substitute carrier
Transport Service
Means a commercial transport service or transport service under public service contract linking two or more locations, offered by a railway undertaking according to a published timetable. A transport service is normally performed with a specific transport mode
TCCS
Transversal CCS domain
TRD - Train Data
trespasser
any person present on railway premises where such presence is forbidden, with the exception of a level crossing user
ERTMS/ETCSERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode (e.g. entered when passing an EOA), resulting in an application of the emergency brake that can only be revoked at standstill and with additional precautions.
TRIP MODE
Trip plan
For wagon or Intermodal unit shows the planned reference trip of the wagon/Intermodal unity.
TRIPLE-KEY
Term used for three concatenated DES-keys, i.e. a length of 192 bits. In this specification, KMAC and KSMAC are both triple-keys.
TS = ticketing system; to be provided by Central Instance to allow information o...
TS = ticketing system; to be provided by Central Instance to allow information on malfunctions by any stakeholder MI = malfunction informant; stakeholder, who informs about a malfunction identified on an asset or device
‘technical specification for interoperability’ (TSI) means a specification adopted in accordance with Directive (EU) 2016/797 by which each subsystem or part of a subsystem is covered in order to meet the essential requirements and ensure the interoperability of the Union rail system; SPPRAMSS-337 - [Directive (EU) 2016/798]
TTD - Trackside Train Detection
2PC
see: ACID
Two-Phase Commit
type of operation
the type characterised by passenger transport, including or excluding high-speed services, freight transport, including or excluding dangerous goods services, and shunting services only
type
a vehicle type defining the basic design characteristics of the vehicle as covered by a type or design examination certificate described in the relevant verification module
UDMP
Unauthorised Direction Movement Protection
Unauthorised movement
Unauthorised movement as referred to in points 4.4 and 4.5 above means to pass: — a trackside colour light signal or semaphore at danger, or an order to STOP where a Train Protection system (TPS) is not operational, — the end of a safety related movement authority provided in a TPS, — a point communicated by verbal or written authorisation laid down in regulations, — stop boards (buffer stops are not included) or hand signals. Any case in which a vehicle without any traction unit attached or a train that is unattended runs away past a signal at danger is not included. Any case in which, for any reason, the signal is not turned to danger in time to allow the driver to stop the train before the signal is not included. National safety authorities may report separately on the four indices of unauthorised movement listed in the indents in this point and shall report at least an aggregate indicator containing data on all four items indices.
UNCOMMISSIONED AREA
Piece of track where ERTMS/ETCS is being installed but has not yet been commissioned and shall thus not be taken into account.
UNDER-READING AMOUNT
The distance the train may have travelled further than the estimated position. The distance is estimated by the ERTMS/ETCS-on-board equipment taking into account the odometer inaccuracy plus the error for the detection of a balise location, as defined in the Eurobalise specifications.
unfiller
an enterprise that removes goods from a tank (including a tank-wagon, wagon with demountable tank, portable tank or tank-container), a wagon, a large container or small container for carriage in bulk, or from a battery-wagon or multiple-element gas container
UNFITTED AREA
See NON-EQUIPPED LINE
ERTMS/ETCS on-board equipment mode allowing a fitted train to run in an unfitted area.
UNFITTED MODE
Unguided length of an obtuse crossing
Portion of obtuse crossing where there is no guidance of the wheel described as ‘unguided length’ in the specification referenced in Appendix T, Index [17].
Portion of obtuse crossing where there is no guidance of the wheel described as ‘unguided distance’ in EN 13232-3:2003.
UNISIG
UNIFE ETCS Working group
UML
Unified Modeling Language
UNIFE
Union des Industries Ferroviaires Européennes
Union Industry of Signalling
UNITEL
Union Industry of Telecommunications
Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer
Union rail system
the Union rail system as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2016/797
the elements listed in Annex I
UNISIG - Union Industry of Signalling
Unit capacity used
Code to indicate to which extent the equipment is loaded or empty. (e.g. full, empty, LCL).
Unit Load
A number of individual packages bonded, palletised or strapped together to form a single unit for more efficient handling by mechanical equipment.
Unit train
A freight train dispatched with only one consignment note and only one type of goods and composed of uniform wagons running from a consignor to a consignee without intermediate marshalling.
unit
generic term used to name the rolling stock. It is subject to the application of this TSI, and therefore subject to the EC verification procedure. A unit can consist of: — a ‘wagon’ that can be operated separately, featuring an individual frame mounted on its own set of wheels, or — a rake of permanently connected ‘elements’, those elements cannot be operated separately, or — ‘separate rail bogies connected to compatible road vehicle(s)’ the combination of which forms a rake of a rail compatible system.
generic term used to name the rolling stock which is subject to the application of this TSI, and therefore subject to ‘EC’ verification. A Unit may be composed of several ‘vehicles’, as defined in point (3) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2016/797, Article 2(c); considering the scope of this TSI, the use of the term ‘vehicle’ in this TSI is limited to the rolling stock subsystem as defined in Chapter 1.
UTC
Universal Time Co-ordinated
unloader
an enterprise which removes a container, bulk-container, multiple-element gas container, tankcontainer or portable tank from a wagon, or any enterprise which unloads packaged goods, small containers or portable tanks out of or from a wagon or a container, or any enterprise which discharges goods from a tank (tankwagon, demountable tank, portable tank or tank-container), or from a battery-wagon or multiple-element gas container, or from a wagon, large container or small container for carriage in bulk or a bulk-container
Unnumbered Acknowledge
Unnumbered Information (HDLC frame)
UNPROTECTED WRONG SIDE FAILURE
A wrong side failure where no other part of the signalling system provides protection.
Updateability
Updateability refers to the ability of a system to receive and incorporate updates or patches, e.g. to address security vulnerabilities. Updates are often provided to improve the performance of the system, stability, or security without introducing significant changes to its functionality.
upgrade of the railway infrastructure
major modification works to the infrastructure which improve its overall performance
Upgradeability
Upgradeability refers to the ability of a system to undergo significant enhancements or improvements in terms of its features, functionality, or performance. Upgrades typically involve the installation of a newer version or release of the system that offers new capabilities or improved performance compared to the previous version.
upgrading
any major modification work on a subsystem or part of it which results in a change in the technical file accompanying the ‘EC’ declaration of verification, if that technical file exists, and which improves the overall performance of the subsystem
Uplinking
To handle deviated new designs or new/changed external inputs the whole “engineering” has to be understood as * Work items with type, versions, and state * Their links with versions, link roles and state The engineering database is in the end a “directed graph” with “nodes” (work items) and links (graph just indicated in the picture):{comment:13} (image: 3-image3.png) The basic principle for continuous integration using an ALM+MBSE system is based on the mathematical process of “adding a directed graph to another directed graph which can overlap in certain nodes”. This is called “Uplinking” in the System Pillar. Existing graph (e.g. ALM master database) New graph fragment (external contribution) (image: 1-screenshot-20221229-210015.png) “Merging these graphs” ="uplinking" (of conceptual, requirement and modelling work items) is the most feared job to do in system engineering when done manually. A strong system support is necessary. This merge can happen when * A daughter-system graph is “uplinked” to the mother-system (master) graph * An external contribution is integrated (perhaps again and again) * An external editor was used to edit elements in the mater database (e.g. ALM= master database, MBSE-Tool = editor for a part of the work items) * A bottom-up process is faster (domain team) then the top-down process (Level 3) * The architecture teams is faster concerning functional design then the operational design team with the process design. Or both are fast then the requirement feedback from the migration team is coming. * Etc. A lot of isolated (time, team, engineering tool) asynchronous designs will occur in the System Pillar. They lead to these synchronization needs: (image: 2-screenshot-20221229-210015.png) This does not mean, that “synchronization” is the standard choice to integrate work. The preferred choice is top-down design and working in the same system whenever possible. But synchronization will anyway be needed very often. The sync process of these integration steps is the same. All integration work (conceptual level, system models, requirements, etc.) is about this merging process. The following things can happen: * A new node (work item) is added and linked to 0-n{comment:14} old nodes * An old node is changed or deleted or relinked in another way The indirect effect of such a change/add process can be * In a “trace” (chain of work items) links can get{comment:15} “suspect” if earlier links or nodes were changed (through partially-automated impact analysis) * New workflows are triggered by new work item states. If a new node is created with the state “draft”, it is because of this assigned by a tailoring process in a certain way. To add the new fragment{comment:16} to the exiting master database (can only be done efficiently with automated ALM systems) the following work steps are executed * Convert contribution to graph structure (work items/links), check consistency * Analyse and assess new contribution * Perhaps adapt/change contribution before synchronisation * Create difference to master database automatically * Assess difference and indirect impacts * Replace/link fragment in database (fully or partially) or revoke it * Check and analyse the new state of the master database Simplification of synchronization * Assigned designated areas to be designed only in certain teams/tools/places (only connecting links to be synchronized) * Check separated designs together frequently to avoid large deviations How often synchronize/integrate? * Best: Directly work on the master model (possible with ALM, performance problems with MBSE tools) * Second best: Do the sync/integration very frequently (daily, weekly, or monthly) * Worst: do it once in 6 months --> Risk of unsolvable incompatibility and lost work is increased Conclusion: * We need a very efficient and sophisticated tool support for the synchronization/integration process * The integration/synchronization process will create large efforts in the Modelling Service Team The concrete rules, when and how “uplinking” is done, are defined in chapter 20.
urban and suburban services
transport services whose principal purpose is to meet the transport needs of an urban centre or conurbation, including a cross-border conurbation, together with transport needs between such a centre or conurbation and surrounding areas
Usable length of a platform
The maximum continuous length of that part of platform in front of which a train is intended to remain stationary in normal operating conditions for passengers to board and alight from the train, making appropriate allowance for stopping tolerances. Normal operating conditions means that railway is operating in a non-degraded mode (e.g. rail adhesion is normal, signals are working, everything is working as planned).
X(D)
Use of this parameter is a user option. If not provided, a default value will be used
X(U)
Use of this parameter is a user option
User Interface refers to a hardware or software device that allows a user to interact with a computer product. The interaction is into the graphical environment in which the user of an application, software or website navigates.
User Interface
VALIDATION
Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use have been fulfilled.
Validator Finding.
Result of a validation
VALIDATOR
The person or agent appointed to carry out validation.
Van
a vehicle without traction capable of carrying payload other than passengers, e.g. luggage or mail, intended to be integrated into a fixed or variable formation which is intended to transport passengers
VARIABLE
A set of bits which are given a unique identity and meaning.
Variant
A Variant is a subset of features
Vehicle in operation
The vehicle is in operation when it is registered with ‘Valid’ registration code ‘00’, in the National Vehicle Register in accordance with Commission Decision 2007/756/EC (33) or in the European Vehicle Register in accordance with Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1614 (34) and maintained in a safe state of running in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/779 (35)
vehicle
a railway vehicle suitable for circulation on wheels on railway lines, with or without traction; a vehicle is composed of one or more structural and functional subsystems;
a railway vehicle suitable for circulation on wheels on railway lines, with or without traction; a vehicle is composed of one or more structural and functional subsystems
V&V
Verification and Validation
VERIFICATION
Confirmation, by examination and provision of objective evidence, that the specified requirements for the lifecycle phase have been fulfilled.
VERIFIER
The person or agent appointed to carry out verification.
vertically integrated undertaking
an undertaking where, within the meaning of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 ( 1 ): (a) an infrastructure manager is controlled by an undertaking which at the same time controls one or several railway undertakings that operate rail services on the infrastructure manager's network; (b) an infrastructure manager is controlled by one or several railway undertakings that operate rail services on the infrastructure manager's network; or (c) one or several railway undertakings that operate rail services on the infrastructure manager's network are controlled by an infrastructure manager. It also means an undertaking consisting of distinct divisions, including an infrastructure manager and one or several divisions providing transport services that do not have a distinct legal personality. Where an infrastructure manager and a railway undertaking are fully independent of each other, but both are controlled directly by a Member State without an intermediary entity, they are not considered to constitute a vertically integrated undertaking for the purposes of this Directive
viable alternative
access to another service facility which is economically acceptable to the railway undertaking, and allows it to operate the freight or passenger service concerned
View Aggregation of Areas required for systems (CCS, TCMS, CVR...). A View can r...
View Aggregation of Areas required for systems (CCS, TCMS, CVR...). A View can represent Areas of different systems at the same time.
View Controller The View Controller aggregates the View, the output devices and...
View Controller The View Controller aggregates the View, the output devices and the controller of each input device.
View
A view is a filter that restricts the set of data types to a subset that is of interest in the context of a use case. Filtering is by discipline and spatially.
VBC
A specific marker in balise telegrams, that allows substituting the physical cover plates in lines under construction.
VIRTUAL BALISE COVER
Virtual Block
VCE
The Virtualisation Environment contains all software needed to to provide (multiple) Virtual Computing Elements on a single Physical Computing Element.
Virtual Computing Element
Virtualisation Environment
The Virtualization Interface I3 (Interface 3) is used to provide a standardized interface above the virtualisation layer so that applications or higher platform layers are independent of a specific implementation of the computing hardware.
Virtualisation Interface
The Virtualisation Layer contains mechanisms that are able to provide Virtual Computing Elements needed to run multiple Compartments on a single physical hardware underneath.
Virtualisation Layer
VITAL
A description applied to equipment whose correct operation is essential to the integrity of the signalling system. Most vital equipment is designed to fail-safe principles - a wrong side failure of vital equipment could directly endanger rail traffic.
VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network
Wagon Keepers
Wagon load
A unit load whereas the unit is a wagon.
WAG
Commission Regulation (EU) No 321/2013 of 13 March 2013 concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to the subsystem ‘rolling stock — freight wagons’ of the rail system in the European Union and repealing Decision 2006/861/EC
Wagon
Warning supervision limit
WARNING
Audible and/or visual indication to alert the driver to a condition which requires a positive action by the driver.
Waybill
The document made out by the carrier or on behalf of the carrier evidencing the contract for the transport of cargo.
WAF
Web Application Firewall
WSDL
Web Services Description Language
WHEELSLIDE
When a braked wheel loses adhesion with the rails and under rotates.
WHEELSLIP
When a traction-driven wheel loses adhesion with the rails and over rotates
White Box View
The white box view reveals structural decomposition of a system. In case of the terminology of this document, it can be differentiated between systems that are refined into a system of systems or into subsystems.
Wider System of Interest
The set of all operational entities defining then scope of the operational analysis.
Wireless Communication
Wireless Communication refers to the requirements for Wireless Communication from IEC 62443-3-3 mentioned in SR 1.6, SR 1.6 RE1 and SR 2.2, SR 2.2 RE1. Secure Components are only seen as connected to Wireless Communication, if the Secure Component itself has Wireless Communication abilities implemented. This may count for Work Force Warning systems, for example. This explicitly does exclude Secure Components like Field element controllers, Euro radio, Interlockings and many more according to today's definitions.
Wireless Component
A Secure Component or Network Component with a wireless communication interface. Examples of Wireless Components are handheld devices, WLAN access points,WLAN/5G/FRMCS/... routers, modems and wireless object controllers,....
Work item editor
* The basic system and workflow management tool is the ALM system (currently Polarion). * The ALM offers different frontend types to create/edit/change work items (document editors, database frontends, graphical design, etc.) * Additional editors (like graphical modelling tools for ARCADIA and SysML) can be used to edit elements of the engineering database in the ALM System (synchronized data) as far as a synchronisation software is available (see chapter data management)
Work item
* ork items examples: “A requirement”, or “a function”, or “a concept aspect” * Work items are objects in the “engineering database” (ALM) that represent the result of a design step. * The structure of the work items is defined by the SEMP process definition documents (overview in the maps), that also make use of modelling standards like ARCADIA or SysML * The master-engineering database is the ALM System (currently Polarion) which contains all work items and their links.
Work Package.
Work passenger
a passenger travelling in connection with their professional activities excluding commuting
Work Product
An artefact associated with the execution of a process.
Workflow and workflow rules
* A workflow describes the rules (processes) how a “trace” shall be created step by step. * A workflow includes a set of rules that define, how * work items must be broken down and linked (link rules) * work item types must be resolved * certain work item types are assigned to certain teams in the organisation * Every work item, that is not compliant to a workflow is marked as invalid * There are optional workflow steps in a workflow. E.g. a requirement can be directly resolved by multiple functions (that are always explained with a rational attribute) without having a “solution concept” work item, which is optional.
Workflow Prioritisation strategy to be decided per area
In general, there are two directions for prioritisation, which are “horizontal” or “vertical” * Horizontal prioritisation means for example “which of all operational capabilities do we break down first down to their operational processes (just the next derivation step per capability)” * Vertical prioritisation means for example “which operational capability do we resolve down to the physical architecture before we start to resolve the next * capability” (image: 1-Grafik_1.png) * Both prioritisation methods are mixed to reach two targets in parallel: a) Use the capacity of all teams in parallel with different roles (vertical prioritisation), b) get a more and more full picture top-down (horizontal prioritisation). * A “mix” can for example be: “At first only all operational capabilities for standard train movements (no shunting etc.) and only the processes related to ETCS Level R without ATO are traced down to the physical architecture in the first step”. For the prioritisation these aspects are important: * As much as possible early usable results shall be created (year by year). * Example 1 (“bottom-up”): All traces, that lead to the EULYNX interfaces shall be resolved and approved fast. EULYNX interfaces should be standardized soon. * This means to import and resolve all traces, and to connect all interfaces to the overall architecture “upwards” (connecting workflow) * Example 2 (“top-down”): All traces for DAC shall be resolved fast, but there are not so much complete (resolved) traces to import in terms of processes and architecture. All operational capabilities and operational requirements for DAC need to be created and broken down and resolved down to the implementation (=vertical prioritisation). * Important decisions shall be decided early as a basis for all work * Example 3: (“horizontal prioritisation”): The process standardisation scope and depth shall be decided as early as possible. This means to create all operational capabilities, derive them town to operational processes, and assess every process impact on the later grade of standardisation of products. * Example 4 (“horizontal + vertical prioritisation”): The functional allocation and ambition in the logical architecture shall be decided as early as possible. For this, all operational capabilities need to be derived down to the logical architecture, and every logical component needs to be designed concerning the external dependencies that it has for other logical components (e.g. delegation of safety requirements from one to other components get only visible with the deep dive in the functional design).
Workflow step (on step in a workitem trace)
A workflow step includes some of the following actions * “Create a trace”: The work item on the “top/start” of a trace is created based on external decisions. These are typically * Steering group decisions about system capabilities, common business objectives, improvement targets or problem descriptions, operational requirements, new safety requirements, etc. (see chapter below). * Technical regulations * “Derive” a work item: A team that is responsible for a derivation step in a trace for work items of a specific type looks for all unresolved work items and derives the resolving work items that are part of the own team scope. E.g., an ARC team sees unresolved actions in an operational process an derives all needed system requirements and functions that need to be worked out. * “Propose” a work item: A team or person receives (assignment) a work item with the status “proposed” from another team, that wants to resolve a dependency. E.g., an OD team designed an action in an operational process and “proposes” (“push”) a system requirement to an ARC team. * “Design / engineer / work out” a work item: The content of the work item is worked out. (e.g. an operational process with all actions) * “Break down” (“dependencies defined/delegated”) a work item: All necessary next work items are derived (as proposals) and linked. * “Resolve” a work item: All necessary next/downwards work items are derived, linked, designed, approved and resolved. E.g., all system functions to fulfil (resolve) an operational requirement are completed. * “Assign” a work item: The work item is assigned to a team or person that shall design it. * “Uplink” a work item. A “free floating” (not linked top-down, completely unlinked, or currently invalid) work item (e.g. coming from a bottom-up process or external contributor) is linked “upwards” to a “traced/valid” work item as if it had been derived from it before (e.g. a process is linked ex post to a capability). This is only done if this new link is really needed to resolve the traced work item in a correct way. Afterwards, the following “change action” is executed. * “Change a work item or link in an existing trace”: Because of a change of a work item or link in a trace the trace gets invalid in some parts(has “suspect links”). It must be reassured that the derivation process in all directions of the trace is correct, or otherwise further work items need to be adapted until all work items are resolved again. E.g., a system requirement lead to 5 system functions that are needed. One system function cannot be implemented. Therefore, all 5 derivations need to be reworked and perhaps all functions need to be deleted and the resolving process starts again. Other example for a suspect link: A function was derived from a requirement. Later the requirement is changed, and the link gets automatically suspect because it is not clear if the function is still implementing the requirement. * “Approve” a work item (see chapter below). An approval step is done in the ALM on work item level by experts based on their knowledge. The group of approvers is assigned depending on the work item type and content. A single approver agrees with an approval that a work item is correctly derived, designed, and broken. Approvals are done per single work items like requirements, concept paragraphs or operational requirements. Approval sessions are typically done for a selected set of work items. * “Decide a deliverable”. When all work items for a certain work area / release are resolved and approved, a document is generated for a formal decision process (e.g. an interface specification or a rulebook). * The typical sequence of actions in a work step is * Pull a work item or check proposed work items * Design the work item * Resolve the work item * Assign resolving work items to a team or person
working timetable
the data defining all planned train and rolling-stock movements which will take place on the relevant infrastructure during the period for which it is in force
Workstep "workitem check"
* Is the workitem content correct and without inner contradictions? * Does the workitem content fit to the wokitem type? * Are all standard or custom workitem fields filled? * Does the workitem content implement the demands coming to it by existing links? * Do all mandatory links exist and are they completely fulfilling their role? Does the content fit to them? E.g. a system requirements can be implemented by a function... but it needs to be completely implemented and not partly.
WRONG SIDE FAILURE
An equipment failure tending to cause danger to rail traffic.
wrong side signalling failure
any technical failure of a signalling system (either to infrastructure or to rolling stock), resulting in signalling information less restrictive than that demanded
Polarion Workitem
ARCADIA Method
Railway Infrastructure